ABSTRACT
Aim: This study to present both the features of 124 consecutive patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and the results of a reversible, conservative, and low-tech treatment.
Methods and Materials: One hundred fiftty-eight records of consecutive patients treated in School of Dentistry at the Univag-University Center in Varzea Grande-MT, Brazil, 124 of whom were considered TMD patients, were examined. The following data were obtained: gender, age, main complaint, diagnosis, co-morbidities, type of treatment performed, and treatment results. The patients who received a successful treatment were contacted for reevaluation four to six years after the conclusion of treatment.
Results: Pain was the main complaint for 92.7 percent of the patients. The majority of pateints wer female (female:male ratio of 4.1:1), with a peak age range between 20 and 30 years. Rougly 59.7 percent of the patients were diagnosed as having a muscular TMD, 12.9 percernt of the patients as an articular TMD, and 27.4 percent as a mixed TMD. The success rate of treatment was 91.7 percent, and there was a tendency toward the long-term maintenance of good results.
Conclusion: The features of the 124 TMD patients treated were similar to those reported in the literature with regard to gender, age, and diagnostic prevalence. Most of the disorders were of a muscular origin, and there was a predominance of women between 20 and 30 years of age. The conservative, reversible, and low-tech treatment success rate for TMD can reach values above 90 percent. Therfore, there is no need for invasive, irreversible, expensive, or high-tech treatments for the majority of patients.
Clinical Significance: The majority of TMD patients can benefit from reversible, conservative, and low-tech treatments such as parafunction control and therapeutic exercises that can be performed by any clinician once an accurate diagnosis has been made.
Keywords: Temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, craniomandibular disorders, TMD.
Citation: Martins-Junior RL, Palma AJG, Marquardt EJ, Gondin TMB, Kerber FC. Temporomandibular disorders: A report of 124 patients. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 October; 11(5):071-078.

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial agents are commonly incorporated into hygiene products for the treatment and prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Recently, a new alcohol-free rinse containing 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in a high bioavailable matrix (Crest_® Pro-Health Rinse) was introduced to provide antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits. This paper reviews results from an in vitro pre-clinical study and an in vivo clinical study evaluating the antibacterial and antiplaque benefits of this CPC rinse technology. In the in vitro experiment, a no-alcohol 0.065% high bioavailable CPC prototype rinse was evaluated for its hostility against a broad range of microorganisms commonly associated with plaque and gingivitis. The rinse demonstrated greater than 99% germ kill for all organisms tested individually as well as in whole saliva. The benefit of this antibacterial action on plaque inhibition was assessed in a clinical trial. A double-blinded, 3-period, 6-sequence crossover study was conducted evaluating the antiplaque effect of the novel 0.07% high bioavailable, alcohol-free CPC rinse versus a positive control (Listerine^® Cool Mint containing essential oils) and a negative control (placebo CPC rinse). A modification of the Addy 4-day plaque model was used for this evaluation. Plaque was measured at baseline (Day 1) of each treatment period and at Day 4 using the Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein index. During the treatment period, subjects brushed only their lingual surfaces twice daily for up to 60 seconds. Following brushing, subjects used 20 mls of the mouthrinse product for 30 seconds in the morning and evening. Fifty-five subjects completed the study. For non-brushed sites, both the essential oils and CPC rinse exhibited a 25% reduction in plaque vs. placebo after four days of product usage, which was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Both treatments also exhibited a statistically significant benefit versus placebo (p<0.0001) for brushed sites (>38% plaque reduction). These data support the antibacterial action of the high bioavailable, alcohol-free CPC rinse and demonstrate antiplaque effects for Crest Pro-Health Rinse that are “at least as good as” the leading essential oils antiseptic, making it well-suited for a broad range of patients, particularly those who are sensitive to products containing alcohol.
Keywords: Cetylpyridinium chloride, Crest Pro-Health Rinse, antimicrobial agents, dental plaque, gingivitis, antiplaque.
Citation: Witt J; Ramji N; Gibb R; Dunavent J; Flood J; Barnes J. Antibacterial and Antiplaque Effects of a Novel, Alcohol-Free Oral Rinse with Cetylpyridinium Chloride. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February; (6)1:001-009.

ABSTRACT
Early recognition of dental erosion is important to prevent serious irreversible damage to the dentition. This requires awareness of the clinical appearance of erosion compared to other forms of tooth wear. An understanding of the etiologies and risk factors for erosion is also important. These form the basis of a diagnostic protocol and management strategy that addresses the multifactorial nature of tooth wear. The primary dental care team has the expertise and the responsibility to provide this care for their patients with erosion.
Keywords: Tooth erosion, tooth wear, review, diagnosis, prevention, GERD, diet, eating disorders.
How to Cite:Gandara BK, Truelove EL. Diagnosis and Management of Dental Erosion. J Contmp Dent Prac. 1999, 1, 1, 1-17

ABSTRACT
Dentin hypersensitivity is a common condition of transient tooth pain associated with a variety of exogenous stimuli. There is substantial variation in the response to such stimuli from one person to another. Except for sensitivity associated with tooth bleaching or other tooth pathology, the clinical cause of dentin hypersensitivity is exposed dentinal tubules as a result of gingival recession and subsequent loss of cementum on root surfaces. The most widely accepted theory of how the pain occurs is Brännström's hydrodynamic theory of dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal hypersensitivity must be differentiated from other conditions that may cause sensitive teeth prior to treatment. Three principal treatment strategies are used. Dentinal tubules can be covered by gingival grafts or dental restorations. The tubules can be plugged using compounds that can precipitate together into a large enough mass to occlude the tubules. The third strategy is to desensitize the nerve tissue within the tubules using potassium nitrate. Several over-the-counter products are available to patients to treat this condition.
Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Brannstrom's theory, dentin tubules, hypersensitive teeth.
How to Cite: Jacobsen PL, Bruce G. Clinical Dentin Hypersensitivity: Understanding the Causes and Prescribing a Treatment. J Contmp Dent Prac. 2001, 1, 5, 1-8

ABSTRACT
This report describes a surgical technique for root coverage using an acellular dermal graft material and a coronally positioned flap. Video clips of a root coverage surgery are included using the graft material to cover multiple teeth in the same quadrant. Three additional completed cases are presented in which a mean root coverage of 97% was achieved, resulting in 100% coverage on 9 of 11 teeth. The results from this case series conform with the available evidence on the use of acellular dermal graft material in root coverage procedures.
Keywords: AlloDerm, acellular dermal graft, gingival recession, mucogingival, periodontal disease.
How to Cite:Henderson RD. Root Coverage Using Alloderm^® Acellular Dermal Graft Material. J Contmp Dent Prac. 1999, 1, 1, 1-10

ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the removal of the smear layer and exposure of collagen fibers of the root surface following the application of five citric acid solution concentrations.
Methods and Materials: Two hundred seventy (270) samples were equally divided into six groups (n=45) for treatment with saline solution (control) and five different concentrations of citric acid (0.5, 1, 2, 15, and 25 percent). Three acid application methods were used (passive, brushing, and burnishing) as well as three application periods (1, 2, and 3 minutes). A previously trained, calibrated (kappa score = 0.93), and blind examiner subsequently scored scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of the samples. Statistical analyses were performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests.
Results: According to the results obtained and within the limitations of the methodology used, the citric acid applications were more effective than the control treatment of applying saline solution (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three application methods and three application periods. Descriptive analyses showed that best results for exposure of collagen fibers were obtained with the application of citric acid at 25 percent by brushing for 1 or 3 minutes.
Conclusion: The best results for exposure of collagen fibers in this study were obtained with application of citric acid at 25 percent by brushing for 1 or 3 minutes, even though there were no statistically significant differences among the groups.
Clinical Significance: The best results for exposure of collagen fibers on root surfaces noted in this study were obtained with application of citric acid at 25 percent by brushing for 1 or 3 minutes.
Keywords: Acid conditioning collagen fibers, citric acid, laboratory study, root surfaces, smear layer.
Citation: Cavassim R, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Dantas AAR, Sampaio JEC. Smear Layer Removal for Collagen Fiber Exposure after Citric Acid Conditionings. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 December; 11(6):001-008.