Introduction

In 1943 Maslow formulated his "hierarchy of needs theory."  Maslow proposed people have needs that must be satisfied, and these needs will motivate until they are satisfied..  The needs are arranged in a hierarchy ranging from basic to higher needs, with an individual needing to satisfy a lower need before a higher need can motivate.  The five needs of the hierarchy are:

1. Physiological (hunger, thirst, shelter, sex)

2. Safety (security, protection from physical and emotional harm)

3. Social (affection, belonging, acceptance, friendship)

4. Esteem (also called ego). The internal ones are self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; the external ones are status, recognition, and attention.

5. Self-actualization (being the best at doing things)

Once a need is satisfied, it no longer motivates.  For example, a starving man will do whatever is necessary to obtain food, but once he is fed, the promise of food no longer motivates him.  Maslow proposed the "hierarchy of needs theory" not only worked in a social situation but also could be applied to the workplace.  By arranging these needs in a pyramid, they can be used to motivate staff.

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