

Introduction
This is the first in a series of articles that will appear in future editions of this Journal which will examine the concept of four-handed dentistry. Topics will include the basic principles of four-handed dentistry, equipment selection, how to increase productivity and decrease stress, as well as provide the dental team with a review of basic clinical skills and suggestions for improving chair side techniques. A final article will look at the application of ergonomic concepts in the dental business office.
This article will focus on the principles of four-handed dentistry and how these concepts can bring about change in thinking that can increase productivity and reduce stress and strain on the dental team.
The objectives of this article are to:
identify the basic tenets of four-handed dentistry,
describe motion economy,
identify typical zones of activity,
define dental team responsibilities to ensure effective four-handed dentistry and
list twenty-five typical excuses for a closed mind
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