Introduction

Several studies have clearly demonstrated bacteria and their endotoxins heavily contaminate the root surfaces of periodontally affected teeth, and this bacterial contamination prevents the reattachment of gingival and periodontal cells.^1,4

Removal of diseased exposed cementum by scaling and root planing has been advocated as part of periodontal therapy.^5,6  Studies have indicated that such root debridement may not completely remove contaminated cementum particularly in more apical areas,^7,8 therefore, it has been proposed to chemically condition the root surface in order to improve biocompatibility.  Citric acid and tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) are the most widely used substances for this purpose.^9,10

In vitro studies on the effect of TTC on dentinal surfaces have revealed properties, which may be beneficial in periodontal reconstructive therapy.  Surface demineralization with TTC enhances binding of matrix proteins to the root surface and stimulates fibroblasts attachment and growth.^11,12  Although these findings have led to widespread use of tetracycline treatment of root surfaces in periodontal therapy, there are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the efficacy of the demineralization methods and application time.^13,14  Moreover, optimal concentration and the application interval of TTC to achieve root surface characteristics which may support periodontal reconstructive therapy have yet to be established.¹¹

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of diseased root surfaces treated with TTC following mechanical instrumentation.  The effects of methods of demineralization and application time were also determined.

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Citation Number: Vol. 2, No. 2, Page 026