

Conclusions
In order to appropriately appraise the literature, it is important to have a basic foundation of research methodology and an understanding of the principles of a well-grounded, valid research study. To assist with the process, tools to critically appraise papers based on the type of question have been developed by the evidence-based groups. These tools consist of a structured series of questions that help you determine the strengths and weaknesses of how a study was conducted, how the information was collected, and how useful and applicable the evidence is to the specific patient problem or question being asked. As you gain experience with the critical analysis process using an appraisal checklist, the next step is to gain a greater understanding of the type of statistical analysis needed to determine if the valid result you have found are important and, if so, are they feasible to implement with your patient.