Coronal Microleakage Assessed by Polymicrobial Markers Leandro Rodrigues Britto, BDS, MS; Nicholas J. Grimaudo, DMD, MS; Frank J. Vertucci, DMD Studies have shown significant bacterial leakage following exposure of sealed root canals to artificial and natural saliva.   The objective of this study was to determine contamination via bacterial migration in artificial saliva in endodontically treated teeth using different obturation techniques and sealers.
	Method for Immediate Measurement of In Vitro Bond Strength of Bonded Direct Esthetic Restorations Yousef Fouad Talic, BDS, MS, FICOI, DICOI, DASO The lack of a clinically-relevant method to measure the bond strength of direct esthetic restorations seriously affects the clinician’s ability to select and use various bonding agents.  The aim of this article is to provide a method for immediate measurement of in vitro bond strengths of direct bonded esthetic restorations.  Understanding a standardized testing protocol should provide clinicians with a clearer appreciation of bond strengths associated with various bonding procedures.
	The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients with Periodontal Diseases Khalid Almas, BDS, MSc, FRACDS, FDSRCS, FAAOM, DDPH, FICD; Suleman Al-Lazzam, BDS; Abdulla Al-Quadairi, BDS Periodontal disease and diabetes are two common chronic diseases affecting humans.  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral hygiene instructions on periodontal disease among type 2 male diabetic subjects.
	The Application of Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) in a Military Population Lemuel L. Covington, DMD; Lawrence G. Breault, DMD, MS; Steven D. Hokett, DDS Periodontal disease remains the major cause of tooth loss after age 35 and affects some 75% of the United States population.  In 1993, the Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) system was officially introduced as the recommended system for early detection of periodontal disease in patients within the United States.  This study utilized the PSR system to determine the periodontal health status of a representative military population and compares the results with other studies of varying populations.
	Atypical Localized Deep Pocket Due to a Cemental Tear:  Case Report Barbara J. Marquam, BS In this case report, a 71-year old patient with a history of minimal periodontal attachment loss presented with an asymptomatic, non-bleeding, isolated deep pocket with an atypical ledge-like projection determined to be a cemental tear at the base of the 6 mm pocket.
	Time of Eruption of Primary Dentition in Saudi Children Nasser M. Al-Jasser, BDS, MS; Lanre L. Bello, BDS, MS The purpose of this study was to determine the mean and standard deviation of eruption for primary dentition in Saudi children and to compare it with other samples of full term children who are clinically healthy and aged between 4-40 months.
	The Normal and Pathological Pigmentation of Oral Mucous Membrane:  A Review Yasin Çiçek DDS, PhD; Ümit Ertas DDS PhD Most pigmentation of the oral mucosa is physiologic but can be a precursor of severe diseases. The differential diagnosis, clinical, etiology, and histopathological features of pigmentation are discussed.