Studies have shown significant bacterial leakage following exposure of sealed root canals to artificial and natural saliva.  The objective of this study was to determine contamination via bacterial migration in artificial saliva in endodontically treated teeth using different obturation techniques and sealers.

Method For Immediate Measurement of In Vitro Bond Strength of Bonded Direct Esthetic Restorations.
Yousef Fouad Talic, BDS, MS, FICOI, DICOI, DASO

The lack of a clinically-relevant method to measure the bond strength of direct esthetic restorations seriously affects the clinician’s ability to select and use various bonding agents.  The aim of this article is to provide a method for immediate measurement of in vitro bond strengths of direct bonded esthetic restorations.  Understanding a standardized testing protocol should provide clinicians with a clearer appreciation of bond strengths associated with various bonding procedures.

The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients with Periodontal Diseases
Khalid Almas, BDS, MSc, FRACDS, FDSRCS, FAAOM, DDPH, FICD; Suleman Al-Lazzam, BDS; Abdulla Al-Quadairi, BDS

Periodontal disease and diabetes are two common chronic diseases affecting humans.  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral hygiene instructions on periodontal disease among type 2 male diabetic subjects.

The Application of Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) in a Military Population
Lemuel L. Covington, DMD; Lawrence G. Breault, DMD, MS; Steven D. Hokett, DDS

Periodontal disease remains the major cause of tooth loss after age 35 and affects some 75% of the United States population.   In 1993, the Periodontal Screening and Recording™ (PSR) system was officially introduced as the recommended system for early detection of periodontal disease in patients within the United States.  This study utilized the PSR system to determine the periodontal health status of a representative military population and compares the results with other studies of varying populations.

Atypical Localized Deep Pocket Due to a Cemental Tear: 
Case Report
Barbara J. Marquam, BS

In this case report, a 71-year old patient with a history of minimal periodontal attachment loss presented with an asymptomatic, non-bleeding, isolated deep pocket with an atypical ledge-like projection determined to be a cemental tear at the base of the 6 mm pocket.

Time of Eruption of Primary Dentition in Saudi Children
Nasser M. Al-Jasser, BDS, MS; Lanre L. Bello, BDS, MS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mean and standard deviation of eruption for primary dentition in Saudi children and to compare it with other samples of full term children who are clinically healthy and aged between 4-40 months.

The Normal and Pathological Pigmentation of Oral Mucous Membrane:  A Review
Yasin Çiçek DDS, PhD; Ümit Ertas DDS PhD

Most pigmentation of the oral mucosa is physiologic but can be a precursor of severe diseases. The differential diagnosis, clinical, etiology, and histopathological features of pigmentation are discussed.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma of The Jaws:  A Clinical and Radiologic Study
Metin Güngörmüs, DDS, PhD; H. Murat Akgül, DDS, PhD

The clinical and radiologic features of 27 cases of central giant cell granuloma were studied.  The patient’s age, sex, location of the lesion, expansion caused by the lesion, and greatest diameter were evaluated.   Radiographs and radiologic descriptions were studied for the features of border definition, radiopacity, locularity, root resorption, tooth displacement, and tooth association.

Uncommon Peripheral Osteoma of the Mandible:  Report of Two Cases
Ümit Ertas, PhD; Sinan Tozoglu, DDS

This case report describes two cases of uncommon peripheral osteoma of the mandible that might occur as a result of a combination of trauma and muscle traction.

The AAOMP Case Challenge:  Non-Ulcerated Mass of the Hard Palate
Craig B. Fowler, Col, USAF, DC; Robert B. Brannon, DDS, MSD

A 66-year old white male presented with a raised lesion on the left hard palate.  The patient had been aware of the lesion for approximately two weeks, and there was no history of recent or past trauma.  The patient’s medical history was remarkable for a long history of epilepsy; however, the patient was not taking any prescription medication at the time of presentation.  See if you can make the diagnosis.

Continuing Education: Periodontics:  Oral Health and Wellness: Understanding Periodontal Health, Recognizing Disease States and Choices in Treatment Strategies
Jason M. Mailhot, DMD, MS; Spencer L. Fried, DDS, MS

This continuing education course will provide information for assisting clinicians in promoting the goals of oral health by first understanding periodontal health, recognizing disease states, and providing choices in treatment strategies. Evaluation of periodontal therapeutic strategies is best accomplished through a review of the scientific evidence on the topic. The objective of the therapeutic strategies reviewed is to improve the health and function of all periodontal attachment structures rather than only bone in isolation.