article ban

title bar

References
Note:  Links to citations open in a new browser window.  To return to this page, just close the newly opened browser window by clicking on the X in the upper right hand corner of the window.

  1. Lewis WW, Lewis ME.  Mecial Botany – Willy Inter Science Publications.  London 1977.
  2. Almas K, Al-Lafi TR.  The natural toothbrush. World Health Forum. 1995;16(2):206-10. No abstract available.
  3. Wolinsky LE, Sote EO.  Inhibiting effect of aqueous extracts of eight Nigerian chewing sticks on bacterial properties favouring plaque formation. Caries Res. 1983;17(3):253-7. No abstract available.
  4. Sote EO, Wilson M.  In-vitro antibacterial effects of extracts of Nigerian tooth-cleaning sticks on periodontopathic bacteria. Afr Dent J. 1995;9:15-9.
  5. Al-Lafi T, Ababneh H.  The effect of the extract of the miswak (chewing sticks) used in Jordan and the Middle East on oral bacteria. Int Dent J. 1995 Jun;45(3):218-22.
  6. Wolinsky LE, Mania S, Nachnani S, et.  al.  The inhibiting effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract upon bacterial properties influencing in vitro plaque formation. J Dent Res. 1996 Feb;75(2):816-22.
  7. Almas K, Al-Bagieh NH, Akpata ES.  In vitro antimicrobial effects of extracts of freshly cut and 1-month old miswak (chewing sticks).  Biomedical Letters 1997;56:145-49.
  8. Almas K, Al-Bagieh NH.  The antimicrobial effects of bark and pulp extracts of miswak, Salvadora persica.  Biomedical Letter 1999;60:71-75.
  9. Al-Bagieh NH, Almas K.  In vitro antibacterial effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of miswak (chewing sticks).  Cairo Dent J 1997;13:221-24.
  10. Lewis ME.  Plants and dental health.  J Preventive Dentistry 1980;6:75-80.
  11. Larmas M.  A new dip-slide method for the counting of salivary lactobacilli. Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1975 Apr;71(2):31-35. No abstract available.
  12. Jordan HV, Laraway R, Snirch R, et.  al.  A simplified diagnostic system for cultural detection and enumeration of Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Res. 1987 Jan;66(1):57-61.
  13. Köhler B, Pettersson BM, Bratthall D.  Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva and the development of caries. Scand J Dent Res. 1981 Feb;89(1):19-25.
  14. Emilson CG.  Prevalence of streptococcus mutans with different colonial morphologies in human plaque and saliva.  Scand J Dent Res. 1983 Feb;91(1):26-32.
  15. Brown JP.  Developing clinical teaching methods for caries risk assessment: introduction to the topic and its history. J Dent Educ. 1995 Oct;59(10):928-31. No abstract available.
  16. Lindquist B, Emilson CG.  Distribution and prevalence of mutans streptococci in the human dentition. J Dent Res. 1990 May;69(5):1160-6.
  17. Leverett DH, Featherstone JD, Proskin HM, et.  al.  Caries risk assessment by a cross-sectional discrimination model. J Dent Res. 1993 Feb;72(2):529-37.
  18. Emslie RD.  A dental health survey in the Republic of the Sudan. Br Dent J. 1966 Feb 15;120(4):167-78. No abstract available.
  19. Carl W, Zambon JJ.  Dental health of the Rendille and Samburu of the northern frontier district of Kenya. N Y State Dent J. 1993 Jun-Jul;59(6):35-9.
  20. Elvin-Lewis M, Hall JB, Adu-tutu M, et.  al.  The dental health of chewing stick users of Southern Ghana; preliminary findings.  J Prev Dent 1980;6:151-159.
  21. Shier M, Cleaton-Jones P.  Dental caries in Namibia--the first national survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995 Oct;23(5):262-5. No abstract available.
  22. Sathananthan K, Vos T, Bango G.  Dental caries, fluoride levels and oral hygiene practices of school children in Matebeleland South, Zimbabwe. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996 Feb;24(1):21-4.
  23. Hardie J, Ahmed K.  The Miswak as an aid in oral hygiene. J Philipp Dent Assoc. 1995 Jun-Aug;47(1):33-8.
  24. Wu CD, Darout IA, Skaug N.  Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing. J Periodontal Res. 2001 Oct;36(5):275-84. Review.
  25. Elhably BM, Dolheguy MR, Tompkins GR.  The effect of miswak (Salvadora persica) use on oral streptococci.  2001 (personal communication) University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
  previous page next page
Page 9 of 10
Citation Number:
Vol. 5, No. 1, Page 113