Despite significant improvements in dental materials, especially regarding composite resin, some problems are still present, such as polymerization shrinkage and a long-lasting seal at the interface of the composite/dental structure, which could cause postoperative sensitivity, marginal staining, and perhaps pulpal problems. Several techniques have been developed to prevent or reduce these undesirable problems, such as the incremental technique, improved adhesive systems, and different cavity preparations. Bevel confection has been associated with beneficial results for composite restorations in anterior teeth. Based on observed improvements, bevel preparation in posterior composite restorations has been considered to improve the clinical performance of these restorations. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate posterior composite restorations prepared with and without bevel, using the FDI criteria.

Restoration in endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is an important aspect of dental practice that involves an assortment of dental options of varying complexity. Composite resin post and cores have gained widespread acceptance as an alternative for cast-gold post and core systems. A tight and impervious bond between the dentin and the restorative material is critical for the longevity of core restorations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of coronal leakage in two composite core buildup materials, along with applying total-etch and self-etch procedures in human premolar teeth.

Denture stomatitis is a common form of chronic oral candidiasis that manifests as a diffuse inflammation of the maxillary denture-bearing areas and is reported to affect a wide range of certain populations. Fungi, mostly Candida albicans, are usually the infectious agent in denture stomatitis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topically administered ketoconazole 2% in orabase with a once-daily dose of a 200 mg ketoconazole tablet for treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Periodontal therapy eliminates the pathogenic periodontal microflora, which induces substantial favorable clinical changes in the periodontium. However, the anatomic defect resulting from active periodontitis still persists and is represented clinically by loss of clinical attachment, increased probing depth, and radiographic bone loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biphasic calcium phosphate (ossifi^®) and bioactive glass in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects clinically and radiographically and compare them with open-flap debridement.

Cardiovascular disease is primarily associated with atherosclerosis, which is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. The importance of cholesterol—in particular, low-density cholesterol (LDL)—is well established in the development of atherosclerosis. Little research was done in Saudi Arabia regarding the periodontal status in hyperlipidemic patients without the presence of disease that could by itself affect lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status in subjects with hyperlipidemia and to determine whether there is any association between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease.

Orthodontic appliances hamper oral hygiene and contribute toward an additional build up of biofilm, which may lead to demineralization of the enamel and gingivitis. The mechanical removal of biofilm through brushing and the use of dental floss continues to be the most effective method for the prevention of oral disease, but orthodontic patients experience considerable difficulty in achieving an adequate degree of mechanical hygiene. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of chemical-mechanical control procedures for in-home use, associated with conventional oral hygiene care, instruction, and motivation, for the control of dental biofilm in patients who wear a fixed dental appliance.

Oral cancer is a major public health problem, with almost 130,000 deaths worldwide annually. Approximately 50% of oral cancers are identified in advanced stages (stage III or IV), requiring aggressive treatment and associated morbidity, and resulting in higher mortality rates. General lack of knowledge and awareness about this cancer among both the general population and health care professionals play an important role in diagnostic delay. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of public awareness and knowledge about early signs and risk factors of oral cancer according to age, gender, and education levels among a group of Turkish dental patients.

Neurofibromatosis1 (NF1) of the gingiva is an uncommon cause of gingival enlargement. The disease is clinically characterized by epidermal melanosis, nevi, and flabby skin or bone malformations; in addition, the lesions may undergo malignant transformation. Involvement of the gingiva with or without concurrent skin lesions has been reported only occasionally. The purpose of this article is to describe a rare case of neurofibromatosis1 (NF1) of the gingiva and a review of the current literature.

Replacement of missing teeth remains a challenge in dentistry today. Each treatment has advantages and disadvantages, making a particular restoration suitable only in certain situations. The insertion of an osseointegrated dental implant is a new and very beneficial solution; with the advantage that unrestored or minimally restored adjacent teeth do not need to be integrated in the restoration. This clinical report describes a treatment for a missing maxillary second premolar while one of the abutments has a porcelain fused to metal crown.

Hypodontia constitutes one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans and is defined as developmental absence of one or more teeth with reported prevalence of 1.6 to 9.6% in the permanent dentition. Oligodontia is defined as agenesis of six or more teeth excluding third molars. This article describes monozygotic twin sisters with nonsyndromic oligodontia involving 26 permanent teeth and discusses the possible genetic etiology, inheritance pattern and associated dental anomalies of this condition.

Complete cleaning and shaping is the key to successful endodontic treatment. A thorough understanding of the internal anatomy and morphology of the root canal system is an important consideration when performing cleaning and shaping procedures. In endodontics, the possible existence of extra canals must be considered before endodontic treatment is instituted. Failure of endodontic treatment as a result of the inability to negotiate and instrumentate one of the additional canals is an important factor that may be encountered with mandibular premolars. This case describes the successful nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals.

Fingernail-biting, or onycophagia, is the most frequent deleterious oral habit in children with mixed dentition. Usually, it does not represent any oral sequelae, but it is the most common cause of gingival injury. The case reported describes a gingival abscess, an unusual sequela to the periodontal tissues from fingernail-biting.

A 71-year old Caucasian male presented with an asymptomatic yellow papule with a broad base and superficial vasculature on the left ventral side of the tongue. The lesion demonstrated a soft consistency upon palpation. The overlying lingual mucosa was unremarkable. The patient was not aware of the presence of this lesion. See if you can make the diagnosis.