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VOLUME 17 , ISSUE 9 ( September, 2016 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case–control Study

QA Hussain, Mahesh Maralingannavar

Citation Information : Hussain Q, Maralingannavar M. Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case–control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17 (9):740-744.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1922

Published Online: 01-01-2017

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2016; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction

Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products.

Materials and methods

A case-control study of 134 cases and 134 controls, over a period of 6 months (July–December 2014), was carried out at the Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan. An interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and type, duration, and frequency of use of tobacco-related products. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test with the level of significance set as p < 0.05.

Results

Gutka showed the highest odds ratio toward developing oral cancer ratio among all the tobacco-related products [odds ratio (OR) 5.54; 95% CI 2.83–10.83; p < 0.001)]. Participants who consumed other ST products also showed 2 to 4 times higher odds ratio of developing oral cancer than compared to those who did not consume these products.

Conclusion

The study provided strong evidence that gutka and other ST products are independent risk factors for oral cancer.

Clinical significance

This study highlights the strong association of different types of ST and oral cancer. This results in identification of high-risk groups for targeted screening for potential oral cancer lesions.

How to cite this article

Awan KH, Hussain QA, Patil S, Maralingannavar M. Assessing the Risk of Oral Cancer associated with Gutka and Other Smokeless Tobacco Products: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9): 740-744.

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