Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic lingual bracket systems bonded to extracted premolar teeth (Reliance self-etching primer, Clearfil Protect Bond) and self-etching primer (Clearfil SE Bond) Materials and methods: A total of 160 extracted human first premolars were selected and divided into four groups of 10 for each bracket system to be used with four different primers. Each sample was then embedded in an acrylic block, till the coronal portion. Instron testing machine model LR LOYD 50 K was used for testing the shear bond strength. Results: The results obtained, suggested that all the primers had clinically acceptable shear bond strength with all the bracket system considered in the study. However, there were statistically significant differences in the shear bond strength in intergroup comparisons. Conclusion: T he R eliance S elf-Etching p rimer s howed t he highest bond strength with Alias lingual bracket system by Ormco, followed by clearfil protect bond, clearfil SE bond, and transbond, with the Alias lingual bracket system in the same order. Clinical significance: This study was initiated to understand the shear bond strength of self-etching primer and its efficacy over the conventional primer, which will be of use to the clinician while selecting the primer for bonding of the bracket systems and overcome debonding of brackets encountered during the treatment progress.