The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 22 , ISSUE 7 ( July, 2021 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Clinical Efficacy of Single Use of Three Different Mouthrinses on the Level of Streptococcus mutans in Saliva

Mannaa K Aldowsari, Fouad Salama, Mohamed H Al-Agamy, Sultan A Alquraishi, Faisal S Alsaif, Ibrahim B Aldossary

Keywords : Antimicrobial agent, Caries, Chlorhexidine, Clinical study, Mouthrinse, Streptococcus mutans

Citation Information : Aldowsari MK, Salama F, Al-Agamy MH, Alquraishi SA, Alsaif FS, Aldossary IB. Clinical Efficacy of Single Use of Three Different Mouthrinses on the Level of Streptococcus mutans in Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22 (7):769-773.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3127

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 28-09-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim and objective: The aim of this cross-sectional population-based clinical study was to assess the effect of single use of three different mouthrinses on the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. Materials and methods: Convenient samples of 52 Saudi children aged 8–10 years were randomly allocated into four groups of 13 each. Saliva samples were collected to assess the level of S. mutans at baseline before rinsing with the assigned mouthrinse or control. Three mouthrinses, Avalon Avohex, Listerine Miswak, and Optima Aloe Dent Mouthrinse, were randomly distributed to the children. Each participant was instructed to rinse for 2 minutes using 10mL of the assigned mouthrinse. Saliva samples were collected after rinsing and colony forming unit (CFU) of S. mutans per mL of saliva was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare S. mutans count at baselines and postintervention values of each experimental group and control using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. All statistical analyses were set at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: All test groups showed a reduction in salivary S. mutans compared to that at baseline. Statistically significant reduction (p > 0.05) in bacterial count was seen in Avalon Avohex group. Conclusion: A single-time rinse of chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse for 2 minutes effectively reduced the number of S. mutans of 8 to 10-year-old Saudi children. Clinical significance: Rinsing with chlorhexidine extract mouthrinse should be considered as a potential method in prevention of dental caries in children.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Chandki R, Banthia P, Banthia R. Biofilms: a microbial home. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011;15(2):111–114. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.84377.
  2. Yadav K, Prakash S. Dental caries: a review. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 2016; 53(6): 1–7. DOI: 10.15272/ajbps.v6i53.773.
  3. Selwitz R, Ismail A, Pitts N. Dental caries. Lancet 2007;369(9555): 51–59. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2.
  4. Hamada S, Slade H. Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Rev 1980;44(2):331–384. DOI: 10.1128/mr.44.2.331-384.1980.
  5. Busuioc M, Mackiewicz K, Buttaro B, et al. Role of intracellular polysaccharide in persistence of Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol 2009;191(23): 7315–7322. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00425-09.
  6. Song L, Wang W, Conrads G, et al. Correction to genetic variability of mutans streptococci revealed by wide whole-genome sequencing. BMC Genom 2013;14:430. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-811.
  7. Sharma U, Jain RL, Pathak A. A clinical assessment of effectiveness of mouthwashes in comparison to toothbrushing in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2004;22(2):38–44.
  8. Van der Weijden FA, Van der Sluijs E, Ciancio SG, et al. Can chemical mouthwash agents achieve plaque/gingivitis control? Dent Clin North Am 2015;59(4):799–829. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.002.
  9. James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;2017(3). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008676.pub2.
  10. Flötra L, Gjermo P, Rölla G, et al. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes. Eur J Oral Sci 1971;79(2):119–125. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02001.x.
  11. Ernst CP, Canbek K, Dillenburger A, et al. Clinical study on the effectiveness and side effects of hexetidine and chlorhexidine mouthrinses versus a negative control. Quintessence Int 2005;36(8):641–652.
  12. Walsh T, Oliveira-Neto JM, Moore D. Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(4):CD008457. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008457.pub2.
  13. Groppo F, Bergamaschi C, Cogo K, et al. Use of phytotherapy in dentistry. Phytother Res 2008;22(8):993–998. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2471.
  14. Newman DJ. Natural products as leads to potential drugs: an old process or the new hope for drug discovery? J Med Chem 2008;51(9):2589–2599. DOI: 10.1021/jm0704090.
  15. Jain I, Jain P. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three different formulations of mouth rinses with multi-herbal mouth rinse. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016;34(4):315–323. DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.191409.
  16. Fani M, Kohanteb J. Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Oral Sci 2012;54(1):15–21. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.54.15.
  17. Karim B, Bhaskar DJ, Agali C, et al. Effect of Aloe vera mouthwash on periodontal health: triple blind randomized control trial. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014;13(1):14–9.
  18. Gupta RK, Gupta D, Bhaskar DJ, et al. Preliminary antiplaque efficacy of aloe vera mouthwash on 4 day plaque re-growth model: randomized control trial. Ethiop J Health Sci 2014;24(2):139–144. DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v24i2.6.
  19. Almas K, Skaug N, Ahmad I. An in vitro antimicrobial comparison of miswak extract with commercially available non-alcohol mouthrinses. Int J Dent Hyg 2005;3(1):18–24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2004.00111.x.
  20. Chelli-Chentouf N, Tir Touil Meddah A, Mullié C, et al. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of Algerian Hoggar Salvadora persica L. extracts against microbial strains from children's oral cavity. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;144(1):57–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.025.
  21. Haque MM, Alsareii SA. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J 2015;36(5):530–543. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.5.10785.
  22. Darout IA, Albandar JM, Skaug N, et al. Salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in Sudanese adults. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29(5):411–420. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290505.x.
  23. Abdulbaqi HR, Himratul-Aznita WH, Baharuddin NA. Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: A randomized controlled crossover clinical Trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16(1):1–7. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1487-0.
  24. Al-Dabbagh SA, Qasim HJ, Al-Derzi NA. Efficacy of Miswak toothpaste and mouthwash on cariogenic bacteria. Saudi Med J 2016;37(9):1009–1014. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.9.15855.
  25. World Health Organization Oral Health Survey. Basic Methods, 5th ed. Geneva, Swizerland: WHO, 2013.
  26. Martínez MC, Tolcachir B, Lescano de Ferrer A, et al. Comparative study of preventive protocols in children at high cariogenic risk. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2012;25(2):218–222.
  27. Wilkins EM. Clinical practice of the dental hygienist. 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009. p. 333–335.
  28. Greene JC, Vermillion JR. The simplified oral hygiene index. J Am Dent Assoc 1964;68(1):7–13. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034.
  29. Arweiler NB, Boehnke N, Sculean A, et al. Differences in efficacy of two commercial 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse solutions: a 4-day plaque re-growth study. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33(5):334–339. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00917.x.
  30. Abu-Obaid E, Salama F, Abu-Obaid A, et al. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of different mouthrinses against streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43(6):398–407. DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.6.7.
  31. Abdelmegid F, Al-Agamy M, Alwohaibi A, et al. Effect of honey and green tea solutions on Streptococcus mutans. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;39(5):435–441. DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-39.5.435.
  32. Ferrazzano GF, Roberto L, Amato I, et al. Antimicrobial properties of green tea extract against cariogenic microflora: an in vivo study. J Med Food 2011;14(9):907–911. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0196.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.