The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  25 (2024)
Volume  24 (2023)
Volume  23 (2022)
Volume  22 (2021)
Volume  21 (2020)
Volume  20 (2019)
Volume  19 (2018)
Volume  18 (2017)
Volume  17 (2016)
Volume  16 (2015)
Volume  15 (2014)
Volume  14 (2013)
Volume  13 (2012)
Volume  12 (2011)
Volume  11 (2010)
Volume  10 (2009)
Volume  9 (2008)
Volume  8 (2007)
Volume  7 (2006)
Volume  6 (2005)
Volume  5 (2004)
Volume  4 (2003)
Volume  3 (2002)
Volume  2 (2001)
Volume  1 (1999)
Related articles

VOLUME 23 , ISSUE 12 ( December, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Dimensional and Positional Characteristics of the Temporomandibular Joint of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with and without Temporomandibular Disorders

Maged S Alhammadi

Keywords : Cone–beam computed tomography, Joint spaces, Mandibular condyle, Skeletal class II malocclusion, Temporomandibular joint disorder

Citation Information : Alhammadi MS. Dimensional and Positional Characteristics of the Temporomandibular Joint of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with and without Temporomandibular Disorders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23 (12):1203-1210.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3441

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 13-04-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: This study sought to evaluate dimensional and positional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) features in three-dimensions in skeletal class II malocclusion with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and methods: A total of 91 (182 joints) adult patients were divided into the following two groups: (1) Group I – TMD (n = 56; 112 joints) and (2) group II – non-TMD (n = 35; 70 joints). Dimensional and positional TMJ characteristics including glenoid fossae, mandibular condyles, and joint spaces were assessed using cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT). Results: The mandibular fossa in the TMD group was significantly more lateral than in the non-TMD group, and the mandibular fossa anterior wall inclination to the horizontal plane showed a significantly more vertically inclined wall in the TMD group compared to the non-TMD group. Significantly vertical mandibular condylar changes in the form of less vertical inclination, more vertical position, and lower vertical dimension (height) in addition to more upward position within the joint space were found. The TMD group showed significantly decreased superior and posterior joint spaces in addition to significantly increased medial joint spaces. Conclusion: Patients with TMDs are associated with laterally positioned mandibular fossa with the more vertically inclined anterior wall. They are characterized by vertical mandibular condylar changes in the form of less vertical inclination, more vertical position, and lower vertical dimension (height) in addition to more upward positioning within the joint space is accompanied by a decrease in superior and posterior and an increase in medial joint spaces. Clinical significance: The TMJ characteristics of skeletal class II make it more susceptible to TMDs and any orthodontic and/or surgical interventions in a direction possibly change these characteristics are to be considered.

PDF Share
  1. Alhammadi MS, Halboub E, Fayed MS, et al. Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod 2018;23(6):40.e41–40.e10. DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl.
  2. McNamara JA Jr. Components of class II malocclusion in children 8–10 years of age. Angle Orthod 1981;51(3):177–202. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051<0177:COCIMI>2.0.CO;2.
  3. Alomar X, Medrano J, Cabratosa J, et al. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2007;28(3): 170–183. DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2007.02.002.
  4. Gallo L, Gössi D, Colombo V, et al. Relationship between kinematic center and TMJ anatomy and function. J Dent Res 2008;87(8):726–730. DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700810.
  5. Murphy MK, MacBarb RF, Wong ME, et al. Temporomandibular joint disorders: A review of etiology, clinical management, and tissue engineering strategies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2013;28(6):e393–e414. DOI: 10.11607/jomi.te20.
  6. Gauer R, Semidey MJ. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Am Fam Physician 2015;91(6):378–386. PMID: 25822556.
  7. Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2019.
  8. Valesan LF, Da-Cas CD, Réus JC, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021;25(2):441–453. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03710-w.
  9. Bueno C, Pereira D, Pattussi M, et al. Gender differences in temporomandibular disorders in adult populational studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2018;45(9): 720–729. DOI: 10.1111/joor.12661.
  10. Jian-rong C, Shui-qing D, Liang C, et al. Imaging features of temporomandibular joint disorder: Comparison of the efficacy of cone–beam CT, MRI. China Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022;20(3): 273–276. DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.03.012.
  11. Almashraqi AA, Ahmed EA, Mohamed NS, et al. An MRI evaluation of the effects of qat chewing habit on the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018;126:272.e2–282.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.005.
  12. Sümbüllü M, Çağlayan F, Akgül H, et al. Radiological examination of the articular eminence morphology using cone beam CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012;41(3):234–240. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/24780643.
  13. Al-Rawi NH, Uthman AT, Sodeify SM. Spatial analysis of mandibular condyles in patients with temporomandibular disorders and normal controls using cone–beam computed tomography. Eur J Dent 2017;11(1):99–105. DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_202_16.
  14. Almaqrami B-S, Alhammadi M-S, Cao B. Three dimensional reliability analyses of currently used methods for assessment of sagittal jaw discrepancy. J Clin Exp Dent 2018;10(4):e352–e360. DOI: 10.4317/jced.54578.
  15. Barngkgei I, Halboub E, Almashraqi A. Effect of bisphosphonate treatment on the jawbone: An exploratory study using periapical and panoramic radiographic evaluation. Oral Radiol 2019;35(2):159–170. DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0358-4.
  16. Aboalnaga AA, Amer NM, Alhammadi MS, et al. Positional and dimensional TMJ characteristics in different temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional comparative study. Cranio 2022:1–9. DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2028115.
  17. Abdulqader AA, Ren L, Alhammadi M, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of temporomandibular joint in Chinese adults with normal occlusion and harmonious skeleton. Oral Radiol 2020;36:371–382. DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00415-z.
  18. Alhammadi MS, Fayed MMS, Labib A. Comprehensive three-dimensional cone–beam computed tomography analysis of the temporomandibular joint in different vertical skeletal facial patterns. J World Fed Orthod 2016;5(1):9–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2016.02.001.
  19. Alhammadi MS, Fayed MS, Labib A. Three-dimensional assessment of temporomandibular joints in skeletal class I, class II, and class III malocclusions: Cone–beam computed tomography analysis. J World Fed Orthod 2016;5(3):80–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2016.07.001.
  20. Alhammadi M, Fayed M, Labib A. Three-dimensional assessment of condylar position and joint spaces after maxillary first premolar extraction in skeletal class II malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017;20(2):71–78. DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12141.
  21. Alhammadi MS, Shafey AS, Fayed MS, et al. Temporomandibular joint measurements in normal occlusion: A three-dimensional cone–beam computed tomography analysis. J World Fed Orthod 2014;3:155–162. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2014.08.005.
  22. Pullinger A, Hollender L. Variation in condyle–fossa relationships according to different methods of evaluation in tomograms. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62(6):719–727. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(86)90270-7.
  23. Christidis N, Ndanshau EL, Sandberg A, et al. Prevalence and treatment strategies regarding temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents—A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2019;46(3):291–301. DOI: 10.1111/joor.12759.
  24. Michelotti A, Iodice G. The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37(6):411–429. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02087.x.
  25. Declercq C, Neyt L, Mommaerts M, et al. Temporomandibular joint symptoms in orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study. Acta Stomatol Belg 1993;90(2):77–85. PMID: 8237636.
  26. Henrikson T, Ekberg EC, Nilner M. Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in girls with normal occlusion and class II malocclusion. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55(4):229–235. DOI: 10.3109/00016359709115422.
  27. Riolo ML, Brandt D, TenHave TR. Associations between occlusal characteristics and signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in children and young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 987;92(6):467–477. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(87)90228-9.
  28. Sonnesen L, Bakke M, Solow B. Malocclusion traits and symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in children with severe malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 1998;20(5):543–559. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/20.5.543.
  29. Fichera G, Ronsivalle V, Santonocito S, et al. Class II skeletal malocclusion and prevalence of temporomandibular disorders: An epidemiological pilot study on growing subjects. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021;6(3):63. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030063.
  30. Almaqrami BS, Alhammadi MS, Tang B, et al. Three-dimensional morphological and positional analysis of the temporomandibular joint in adults with posterior crossbite: A cross-sectional comparative study. J Oral Rehabil 2021;48(6):666–677. DOI: 10.1111/joor.13156.
  31. Imanimoghaddam M, Madani AS, Mahdavi P, et al. Evaluation of condylar positions in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A cone–beam computed tomographic study. Imaging Sci Dent 2016;46(2):127–131. DO: 10.5624/isd.2016.46.2.127.
  32. Eisazadeh M, Khojastepour L, Haghnegahdar A, et al. Comparison of condylar bone density in cone–beam computed tomographic images of patients with and without temporomandibular joint disorders. J Orofac Sci 2021;13(1):3–7. DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_89_21.
  33. Khojastepour L, Haghnegahdar A, Eisazadeh M, et al. Comparison between glenoid fossa roof thickness in TMD and non-TMD patients, a CBCT study. J Dent 2019;20(3):165–170. DOI: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2019.44906.
  34. Silva MAG, Pantoja LLQ, Dutra–Horstmann KL, et al. Prevalence of degenerative disease in temporomandibular disorder patients with disc displacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Maxillofac Surg 2020;48(10):942–955. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.08.004.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.