The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  25 (2024)
Volume  24 (2023)
Volume  23 (2022)
Volume  22 (2021)
Volume  21 (2020)
Volume  20 (2019)
Volume  19 (2018)
Volume  18 (2017)
Volume  17 (2016)
Volume  16 (2015)
Volume  15 (2014)
Volume  14 (2013)
Volume  13 (2012)
Volume  12 (2011)
Volume  11 (2010)
Volume  10 (2009)
Volume  9 (2008)
Volume  8 (2007)
Volume  7 (2006)
Volume  6 (2005)
Volume  5 (2004)
Volume  4 (2003)
Volume  3 (2002)
Volume  2 (2001)
Volume  1 (1999)
Related articles

VOLUME 22 , ISSUE 7 ( July, 2021 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Quantitative and Mathematical Analysis of Mental Foramen along with Its Correlation with Sex and Age Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography

Md Asad Iqubal, Rohit Singh, Shilpi Verma, Naqoosh Haidry, Anuradha Pandey, Pallawee Choudhary

Keywords : CBCT, Mental foramen, Quantitative measurements

Citation Information : Iqubal MA, Singh R, Verma S, Haidry N, Pandey A, Choudhary P. Quantitative and Mathematical Analysis of Mental Foramen along with Its Correlation with Sex and Age Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22 (7):793-798.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3124

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 28-09-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim and objective: The aim of the present study was to perform quantitative and mathematical analysis of mental foramen (MF) along with its correlation with study subject's sex and age using three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: The CBCT scan images stored in the database were used in this study. Two-hundred sixty-seven scans were selected. They were divided into four different age-groups. These age-groups were 16–23 years, 24–38 years, 39–55 years, and more than 56 years. Each age-group was further divided into two subgroups. One subgroup was of males, while the other subgroup was of females. Following this, there was evaluation of all CBCT-scanned images considering certain parameters like position of MF, size of MF, distance X, distance Y, and distance Z. Results: The MF was located generally apically to the premolar and molar. It was more commonly located between the first premolar and second premolar among females, while in males, it was mostly located along the long axis of the second premolar. In most of the age-groups, the MF was located between the long axis of the first premolar and second premolar. The average distance of MF from the apex of first premolar was 5.01 mm. Further, the average size of MF and its distance from the base of the mandible were greater in males as compared with females. When all these measurements were compared in different age-groups, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The average distance of MF from the apex of the first premolar was 5.01 mm. The average size of MF and its distance from the base of the mandible were greater in males as compared with females. When the measurements were compared in different age-groups, then the difference was not statistically significant. Clinical significance: MF is an important structure in the mandible because it acts as an important landmark in the anesthetic procedure; therefore, there was a need to carry out detailed quantitative and mathematical analysis for MF.

HTML PDF Share
  1. Aminoshariae A, Su A, Kulild JC. Determination of the location of the mental foramen: a critical review. J Endod 2014;40(4):471–475. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.009.
  2. Moiseiwitsch JR. Avoiding the mental foramen during periapical surgery. J Endod 1995;21(6):340–342. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81014-9.
  3. Vujanovic-Eskenazi A, Valero-James JM, Sánchez-Garcés MA, Gay-Escoda C. A retrospective radiographic evaluation of the anterior loop of the mental nerve: comparison between panoramic radiography and cone-beam computerized tomography. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015;20(2):e239–e245. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20026. PMID: 25549693; PMCID: PMC4393989.
  4. Greenstein G, Tarnow D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review. J Periodontol 2006;77(12):1933–1943. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.060197. PMID: 17209776.
  5. Chkoura A, El Wady W. Position of the mental foramen in a Moroccan population: a radiographic study. Imaging Sci Dent 2013;43(2):71–75. DOI: 10.5624/isd.2013.43.2.71. PMID: 23807929; PMCID: PMC3691376.
  6. Loudon J. Beware the mental foramen. Br Dent J 2011;210(7):293. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.249.
  7. Phillips JL, Weller RN, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: 2. Radiographic position in relation to the mandibular second premolar. J Endod 1992;18(6):271–274. DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80953-2. PMID: 1402584.
  8. Pyun JH, Lim YJ, Kim MJ, Ahn SJ, Kim J. Position of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs and its relation to the horizontal course of the mandibular canal: a computed tomographic analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013;24(8):890–895. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02400.x. PMID: 22220715.
  9. Katakam SK, Shankar U, Thakur D, Reddy TP, Hari KR, Janga D. Comparison of orthopantomography and computed tomography image for assessing the relationship between impacted mandibular third molar and mandibular canal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):819–823. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1235. PMID: 23404009.
  10. Luo Q, Diao W, Luo L, Zhang Y. Comparisons of the computed tomographic scan and panoramic radiography before mandibular third molar extraction surgery. Med Sci Monit 2018;24:3340–3347. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.907913. PMID: 29781451; PMCID: PMC5989626.
  11. Froum S, Casanova L, Byrne S, Cho SC. Risk assessment before extraction for immediate implant placement in the posterior mandible: a computerized tomographic scan study. J Periodontol 2011;82(3):395–402. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100360. PMID: 20809864.
  12. Von AT, Friedli M, Sendi P, Lozanoff S, Bornstein MM. Location and dimensions of the mental foramen: a radiographic analysis by using cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod 2013;39(12):1522–1528. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.033. PMID: 24238440.
  13. Carruth P, He J, Benson BW, Schneiderman ED. Analysis of the size and position of the mental foramen using the CS 9000 cone-beam computed tomographic unit. J Endod 2015;41(7):1032–1036. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.025. PMID: 25843751.
  14. Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using cone-beam computed tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat 2012;25(5):584–592. DOI: 10.1002/ca.21277.
  15. Mozzo P, Procacci C, Tacconi A, Martini PT, Andreis IA. A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 1998;8(9):1558–1564. DOI: 10.1007/s003300050586. PMID: 9866761.
  16. Sukovic P. Cone-beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging. Orthod Craniofac Res 2003;6(Suppl. 1):31–36; discussion 179–182. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2003.259.x. PMID: 14606532.
  17. Katakami K, Mishima A, Shiozaki K, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K. Characteristics of accessory mental foramina observed on limited cone-beam computed tomography images. J Endod 2008;34(12):1441–1445. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.08.033. PMID: 19026870.
  18. Li X, Jin ZK, Zhao H, Yang K, Duan JM, Wang WJ. The prevalence, length and position of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve in Chinese, assessed by spiral computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat 2013;35(9):823–830. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1104-6. PMID: 23525640.
  19. Hashiba Y, Ueki K, Marukawa K, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto E, Matsubara K. Relationship between recovery period of lower lip hypoesthesia and sagittal split area or plate screw position after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105(1):11–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.006. PMID: 17764990.
  20. Moiseiwitsch JR. Position of the mental foramen in a North American, white population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85(4):457–460. DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90074-9. PMID: 9574957.
  21. Gupta T. Localization of important facial foramina encountered in maxillo-facial surgery. Clin Anat 2008;21(7):633–640. DOI: 10.1002/ca.20688. PMID: 18773483.
  22. Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Accessory mental foramen assessment using cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107(2):289–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.010. PMID: 19071039.
  23. Orhan AI, Orhan K, Aksoy S, Ozgül O, Horasan S, Arslan A, et al. Evaluation of perimandibular neurovascularization with accessory mental foramina using cone-beam computed tomography in children. J Craniofac Surg 2013;24(4):e365–e369. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182902f49. PMID: 23851871.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.