The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 22 , ISSUE 9 ( September, 2021 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Assessment of Flexural Strength and Cytotoxicity of Heat Cure Denture Base Resin Modified with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study

Varun Raj, Vinaya Bhat, Athma Shetty, Suja Joseph, Rene Kuriakose, Shifas Hameed

Keywords : Biocompatibility, Cytotoxicity, Denture base resin, Flexural strength, Polymethyl methacrylate, Titanium dioxide

Citation Information : Raj V, Bhat V, Shetty A, Joseph S, Kuriakose R, Hameed S. Assessment of Flexural Strength and Cytotoxicity of Heat Cure Denture Base Resin Modified with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22 (9):1025-1029.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3157

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 06-01-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aims: To assess the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) on flexural strength and cytotoxicity of heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins. Methodology: Sixty-four rectangular and 12 circular specimens were fabricated from metal dies to test flexural strength and cytotoxicity, respectively. The rectangular specimens were grouped into four (16 specimens each)—control group (Group 1), Group 2 with 3% TiO2, Group 3 with 5% TiO2, and Group 4 with 7% TiO2. They were tested for flexural strength using universal testing machine. The circular specimens were grouped into two (six specimens each)—control group and the test group which included the group which showed a highest flexural strength. They were tested for cytotoxicity using MTT assay. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the mean flexural strength of each group and Tukey's post hoc test, for pairwise group comparison (p <0.05). An independent sample t-test was used to analyze the cytotoxicity between the groups (p <0.05). Result: The study showed that there was a significant decrease in the flexural strength from the control group (mean: 298.95), which reduced as the concentration of TiO2 increased. However, the toxicity reduced considerably from 24 hours to 7 days in both groups while the test group showed better cell viability (%) than the control group. Conclusion: The flexural strength of heat cure acrylic resin (modified and unmodified) was much higher than the recommended flexural strength for these resins. On adding TiO2 NPs, flexural strength decreased when compared to the control group. However, with 3% TiO2 NPs, there was no significant decrease in flexural strength as compared to conventional resins. TiO2 NP-modified heat cure acrylic resin showed less toxicity on day 1 and even lesser toxicity after 7 days indicating that it is biocompatible. Clinical significance: TiO2 NPs incorporated at 3% concentration in denture base resin had less cytotoxicity and adequate flexural strength, to be used as a promising alternative to conventional denture base resin.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Nazirkar G, Bhanushali S, Singh S, et al. Effect of anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the flexural strength of heat cured poly methyl methacrylate resins: an in-vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2014;14(Suppl. 1):144–149. DOI: 10.1007/s13191-014-0385-8.
  2. Sodagar A, Bahador A, Khalil S, et al. The effect of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on flexural strength of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins. J Prosthodont Res 2013;57(1):15–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2012.05.001.
  3. Hardita A, Ismiyati T, Wahyuningtyas E. Effect of addition titanium dioxide nanoparticles as acrylic resin denture base filler on cytotoxicity. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 2019;5(2):86–91. DOI: 10.22146/majkedgiind.38438.
  4. Sadhvi K, Jayakar S, Chandrasekharan K. Effect of disinfectants on modified denture base resins. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing; 2013.
  5. Arai T, Ueda T, Sugiyama T, et al. Inhibiting microbial adhesion to denture base acrylic resin by titanium dioxide coating. J Oral Rehabil 2009;36(12):902–908. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02012.x.
  6. Sivakumar I, Arunachalam KS, Sajjan S, et al. Incorporation of antimicrobial macromolecules in acrylic denture base resins: a research composition and update. J Prosthodont 2014;23(4):284–290. DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12105.
  7. Elsaka SE, Hamouda IM, Swain MV. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition to a conventional glass-ionomer restorative: influence on physical and antibacterial properties. J Dent 2011;39(9):589–598. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.05.006.
  8. Ahmed MA, El-Shennawy M, Althomali YM, et al. Effect of titanium dioxide nano particles incorporation on mechanical and physical properties on two different types of acrylic resin denture base. World J Nano Sci Eng 2016;6(3):111–119. DOI: 10.4236/wjnse.2016.63011.
  9. Hamouda IM, Beyari MM. Addition of glass fibers and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to the acrylic resin denture base material: comparative study with the conventional and high impact types. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014;13(1):107–112. DOI: 10.4172/2247-2452.1000553.
  10. Harini P, Mohamed K, Padmanabhan TV. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25(4):459–463. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.142531.
  11. Alwan SA, Alameer SS. The effect of the addition of silanized nano titania fillers on some physical and mechanical properties of heat cured acrylic denture base materials. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2015;27(1):1–2. DOI: 10.0001/639.
  12. Somani M, Khandelwal M, Punia V, et al. The effect of incorporating various reinforcement materials on flexural strength and impact strength of polymethylmethacrylate: a meta-analysis. J Indian Prosthod Soc 2019;19(2):101. DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_313_18.
  13. Wang W, Liao S, Zhu Y, et al. Recent applications of nanomaterials in prosthodontics. J Nanomater 2015;2015. p. 11. DOI: 10.1155/2015/408643.
  14. Moudhaffar M, Ihab NS. Evaluation the effect of modified nano-fillers addition on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base material. J Baghdad Coll Dent 2011;23:23–29.
  15. Viswambharan P, Adhershitha AR. Effect of titanium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticle incorporation on the flexural strength of heat-activated polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins – an in vitro experimental study. Int J Prev Clin Dent Res 2020;7(4):91–95. DOI: 10.4103/ijpcdr.ijpcdr_49_20.
  16. Heravi F, Ramezani M, Poosti M, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of an orthodontic composite containing titanium-dioxide nano-particles. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect 2013;7(4):192–198. DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.031.
  17. Tsuji M, Ueda T, Sawaki K, et al. Biocompatibility of a titanium dioxide-coating method for denture base acrylic resin. Gerodontology 2016;33(4):539–544. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12204.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.