The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 23 , ISSUE 6 ( June, 2022 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Characterizing the Literature on Validity and Assessment Tool of Oral Frailty: A Systematic Scoping Review

Keywords : Geriatric, Older adults, Oral and maxillofacial frailty, Oral frailty, Oral health-related quality of life

Citation Information : Characterizing the Literature on Validity and Assessment Tool of Oral Frailty: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23 (6):659-668.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3346

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 23-09-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: To systematically review all studies on assessment tools used to diagnose oral frailty in older adults. Materials and methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for articles yielded the tools published from January 2010 to January 2022. The search included articles reporting the use of the Oral Frailty risk assessment tool in older adults. A standardized protocol Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used for data extraction. Flowchart and tables were used to demonstrate the results. Results: A total of 19 studies were eligible out of 58 studies retrieved from selected databases. A total of three tools were structured for oral frailty assessment in older adults as follows: Oral and maxillofacial frailty index, oral frailty index-8 (OFI-8), and oral frailty checklist. The most critical parameter in assessing oral frailty was tongue pressure and dryness of the mouth. Other parameters for assessing oral frailty include the number of remaining teeth, oral diadochokinesis (ODK), masticatory performance, pain, dysphagia, taste alteration, use of dentures, bacterial count in the tongue coat, and presence or absence of periodontitis. The predictive validity of tools for differentiating high and low risks for oral frailty did not explore yet. Conclusion: There has not been much research into assessment tools for oral frailty. This comprehensive review of the available literature identified only three structured assessment tools as follows: The oral frailty checklist, the oral and maxillofacial frailty index, and OFI-8. The oral frailty checklist is the only available validated oral frailty assessment tool despite the disproportionately high prevalence of oral frailty and the projected increase. Clinical significance: Because an oral function examination for the elderly in their 60s is required to promote effective oral frailty countermeasures, an oral frailty assessment tool appropriate for the setting must be developed. This tool can be used as a population-wide standard of practice for screening oral frailty.


PDF Share
  1. Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. World population ageing 2019 (pp. 1–64). Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3846855.
  2. International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics. White book on frailty. J Frailty Aging 2015;4. https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/gakujutsu/pdf/whitebook.pdf.
  3. O'Caoimh R, Sezgin D, O'Donovan MR, et al. Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies. Age Ageing 2021;50(1):96–104. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa219.
  4. Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Hirano H, et al. Oral frailtyasa risk factor for physical frailty and mortality in community-dwelling elderly. Journals Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018;73(12):1661–1667. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx225.
  5. Sischo L, Broder HL. Oral health-related quality of life: What, why, how, and future implications. J Dent Res 2011;90(11):1264–1270. DOI: 10.1177/0022034511399918.
  6. Locker D, Allen F. What do measures of “oral health-related quality of life” measure? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35(6):401–411. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x.
  7. Watanabe Y, Okada K, Kondo M, et al. Oral health for achieving longevity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020;20(6):526–538. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13921.
  8. Kugimiya Y, Watanabe Y, Ueda T, et al. Rate of oral frailty and oral hypofunction in rural community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. Gerodontology 2020;37(4):342–352. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12468.
  9. Dibello V, Zupo R, Sardone R, et al. Oral frailty and its determinants in older age: A systematic review. Lancet Heal Longev 2021;2(8):e507–e20. DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00143-4.
  10. Tôrres LHDN, Tellez M, Hilgert JB, et al. Frailty, frailty components, and oral health: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(12):2555–2562. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13826.
  11. Hakeem FF, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. Association between oral health and frailty: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Gerodontology 2019;36(3):205–215. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12406.
  12. Dolenc E, Rotar–Pavlič D. Frailty assessment scales for the elderly and their application in primary care: A systematic literature review. Zdr Varst 2019;58(2):91–100. DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2019-0012.
  13. Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, et al. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2015;13(3):141–146. DOI: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050.
  14. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018;169(7):467–473. DOI: 10.7326/M18-0850.
  15. Tai CJ, Chen JH, Tseng TG, et al. Prediction of frailty and dementia using oral health impact profile from a population-based survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(6):1997. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061997.
  16. Tanaka T, Hirano H, Ohara Y, et al. Oral frailty index-8 in the risk assessment of new-onset oral frailty and functional disability among community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021;94:104340. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104340.
  17. Iwasaki M, Motokawa K, Watanabe Y, et al. A two-year longitudinal study of the association between oral frailty and deteriorating nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(1):1–11. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010213.
  18. Choi JH, Kang JH, Koh SB, et al. Development of an oral and maxillofacial frailty Index: A preliminary study. J Oral Rehabil 2020;47(2):187–195. DOI: 10.1111/joor.12890.
  19. Hironaka S, Kugimiya Y, Watanabe Y, et al. Association between oral, social, and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020;89:104105. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104105.
  20. Kosaka T, Ono T, Kida M, et al. A prediction model of masticatory performance change in 50- to 70-year-old Japanese: The Suita study. J Dent 2021;104:103535. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103535.
  21. Nagayoshi M, Higashi M, Takamura N, et al. Social networks, leisure activities and maximum tongue pressure: cross-sectional associations in the Nagasaki Islands Study. BMJ Open 2017;7(12):e014878. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014878.
  22. Nakagawa K, Matsuo K, Takagi D, et al. Effects of gum chewing exercises on saliva secretion and occlusal force in community-dwelling elderly individuals: A pilot study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017;17(1):48–53. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12670.
  23. Nakamori M, Imamura E, Fukuta M, et al. Tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography is associated with tongue pressure in the Japanese elderly. PLoS One. 2020;15:1–12. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230224.
  24. Yamanashi H, Shimizu Y, Higashi M, et al. Validity of maximum isometric tongue pressure as a screening test for physical frailty: Cross-sectional study of Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018;18(2):240–249. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13166.
  25. Takeuchi N, Sawada N, Ekuni D, et al. Oral diadochokinesis is related to decline in swallowing function among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(2):399–405. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01547-7.
  26. Satake A, Tamura WKY, Oyama T, et al. Effects of oral environment on frailty: Particular relevance of tongue pressure. Clin Interv Aging 2019;14:1643–1648. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S212980.
  27. Nomura Y, Ishii Y, Chiba Y, et al. Structure and validity of questionnaire for oral frail screening. Healthcare 2021;9(1):45. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010045.
  28. Nishida T, Yamabe K, Ide Y, et al. Utility of the eating assessment tool-10 (EAT-10) in evaluating self-reported dysphagia associated with oral frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older people. J Nutr Heal Aging 2020;24(1):3–8. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1256-0.
  29. Nishida T, Yamabe K, Honda S. Dysphagia is associated with oral, physical, cognitive and psychological frailty in Japanese community-dwelling elderly persons. Gerodontology 2020;37(2):185–190. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12455.
  30. Nam Y, Kim NH, Kho HS. Geriatric oral and maxillofacial dysfunctions in the context of geriatric syndrome. Oral Dis 2018;24(3):317–324. DOI: 10.1111/odi.12647.
  31. Shiraishi A, Wakabayashi H, Yoshimura Y. Oral management in rehabilitation medicine: Oral frailty, oral sarcopenia, and hospital-associated oral problems. J Nutr Heal Aging 2020;24(10):1094–1099. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1439-8.
  32. Iwasaki M, Motokawa K, Watanabe Y, A, et al. Association between oral frailty and nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults: The Takashimadaira study. J Nutr Heal Aging 2020;24(9):1003–1010. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1433-1.
  33. European Parliamentary Research Service. European Parliament briefing; continental democracies. Japan's ageing society 2020. Available T: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659419/EPRS_BRI. (2020)659419_EN.pdf. Accessed on: 8 June 2021.
  34. Nomura Y, Ishii Y, Suzuki S, et al. Nutritional status and oral frailty: A community based study. 2020;12(9):2886. DOI: 10.3390/nu12092886.
  35. Shinkawa T, Hayashida N, Mori K, et al. Poor chewing ability is associated with lower mucosal moisture in elderly individuals. Tohoku J Exp Med 2009;219(4):263–267. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.219.263.
  36. Chalittikul W, Kassim S, Sabbah W. The association between number of teeth and physical function limitation among older adults in the USA. Gerodontology. 2020;37(4):389–394. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12489.
  37. Iwasaki M, Yoshihara A, Sato M, et al. Dentition status and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: A 5-year prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018;18(2):256–262. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13170.
  38. Wakabayashi H. Presbyphagia and sarcopenic dysphagia: Association between aging, sarcopenia, and deglutition disorders. J Frailty Ageing 2014;3(2):97–103. DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2014.8.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.