Citation Information :
Bommanavar S, Kanetkar SR, Datkhile KD. Comparative Study of Immunohistochemical Expression of Moesin and FLOT 1 in OSCC and Their Correlation with Histopathological Prognostic Factors. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24 (3):195-201.
Aim: To study immunohistochemical (IHC) expression patterns of Moesin and FLOT 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to correlate it with histopathological prognostic factors.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted on histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC. The inclusion criteria were carcinoma of buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolar mucosa, palate, gingiva, the floor of the mouth, retromolar area, and soft palate. The exclusion criteria included cases of squamous cell carcinoma from sites other than the oral cavity, potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), and any pseudomalignancies of the head and neck. Tissue sections were subjected to IHC staining for Moesin and FLOT 1 and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Moesin showed strong positivity and was significantly associated with the histopathological variables such as lymph nodes and the worst pattern of invasion, whereas FLOT 1 was not associated with any clinical, histopathological, or demographical variable in this study.
Conclusion: Cytoplasmic detection of Moesin (35.19%) was higher than FLOT 1 (15.74%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the grade of the lesion and Moesin and FLOT 1.
Clinical significance: New emerging prognostic biomarkers can aid to assess the rate of malignant transformation (epigenetic and molecular changes), thereby resulting in early prophylactic conciliation of the disease progression in OSCC. There is an urgent need for introducing these as an interventional therapy for effectively addressing OSCC at an early stage, thus preventing it from further proceeding to the advanced severe stage.
Alhadi Almangush, Antti A Makitie, Asterios Triantafyllou, et al. Staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An update. Oral Oncology 2020;107:104799. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020. 104799.
Massano J, Regateiro FS, Januário G, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102(1):67–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.038.
Wahab A, Onkamo O, Pirinen M, et al. The budding and depth of invasion model in oral cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2022;28(2):275–283. DOI: 10.1111/odi.13671.
Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JB, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single oral pathology service during an 8-year period. J Appl Oral Sci 2013;21(5):460–467. DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130317.
Sathiasekar AC, Mathew DG, Jaish Lal MS, et al. Oral Field Cancerization and Its Clinical Implications in the Management in Potentially Malignant Disorders. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017;9(Suppl 1):S23–S25. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_109_17.
Shahaf Givony. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) an overview. Medical Sciences 2020;8(13):67–74. ISSN: 2345-0592.
Farhood Z, Simpson M, Ward GM, et al. Does anatomic subsite influence oral cavity cancer mortality? A SEER database analysis. Laryngoscope 2019;129(6):1400–1406. DOI: 10.1002/lary.27490.
Prakasam S, Ida Sibylla D, Anchana P, et al. Oral Cancer – The epidemiology and prevention, classification of salivary biomarkers and the role of salivary Mir-31. IJOCR. 2015;3(3):42.
Warnakulasuriya KA, Ralhan R. Clinical, pathological, cellular and molecular lesions caused by oral smokeless tobacco – A review. J Oral Pathol Med 2007;36(2):63–77. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00496.x.
Manjari M, Popli R, Paul S. et al. Prevalence of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and nasal cavity malignancies in Amritsar, Punjab. IJO & HNS 1996;48:191–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03048602.
Perry BJ, Zammit AP, Lewandowski AW, et al. Perry. Sites of origin of oral cavity cancer in non-smokers vs smokers possible evidence of dental trauma carcinogenesis and its importance compared with human papillomavirus. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015;141(1):5–11. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2620.
Mehrotra R, Yadav S. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Etiology, pathogenesis and prognostic value of genomic alterations. Indian J Cancer 2006;43(2):60–66. DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.25886.
Anmol Mathur, Manish Jain, Mohit Shiva, et al. Tobacco habits and risk of oral cancer: A retrospective study in India. IJBC 2007;3(1):111–116. Available from: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-14-en.html.
Blot WJ. Alcohol and cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52(Suppl 2):2119s–2123s. PMID: 1544150.
Balendra W. Symposium on oral disease in tropical countries. The effect of betel chewing on the dental and oral tissues and its possible relationship to buccal carcinoma. Br Dent J 1949;87:83–87.
Daftary DK, Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, et al. Cancer of the Oral Cavity. In: Bannasch, P (Eds) Cancer Diagnosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Available from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76899-6_3.
Rodríguez-Molinero J, Migueláñez-Medrán BDC, Puente-Gutiérrez C, et al. Association between oral cancer and diet: An update. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1299. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041299.
Harris JP, Penn I. Immunosuppression and the development of malignancies of the upper airway and related structures. Laryngoscope 1981;91(4):520–528. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-198104000-00005.
Kim SM. Human papilloma virus in oral cancer. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016;42(6):327–336. DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.6.327.
Dave JH, Vora HH, Trivedi TI, et al. Nibrin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Association with clinicopathological parameters. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2016;2:436–442. DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2015.82.
Bommanavar S, Kanetkar SR, Datkhile KD, et al. Membrane-organizing extension spike protein and its role as an emerging biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022;26(1): 82–86. DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_182_21.
Qiuyuan Wen, Mohannad Ma Alnemah, Jiadi Luo, et al. FLOT-2 is an independent prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8(7):8236–8243. PMID: 26339392.
Xiong P, Xiao LY, Yang R, et al. Flotillin-1 promotes cell growth and metastasis in oral squamous cell Carcinoma. Neoplasma 2013;60(4):395–405. DOI: 10.4149/neo_2013_051.
Essentials of oral cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2015;8(9). pp. 11884–11894.
Singh MP, Kumar V, Agarwal A, et al. Clinico-epidemiological study of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A tertiary care centre study in North India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016;6(1):31–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.11.002.
Deepa AG, Sudha S, Nair RG, et al. Risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults. Oral Maxillofac Pathol J 2020;11(2):60–63
Axell T. Occurrence of leukoplakia and some other oral white lesions among 20,333 adult Swedish people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15(1):4651. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00479.x.
Kumar M, Nanavati R, Modi TG, et al. Oral cancer: Etiology and risk factors: A review Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2016;12(2):458–463. DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.186696.
Keller AZ. Residence, age, race and related factors in the survival and associations with salivary tumors. Am J Epidemiol 1969;90(4):269–277. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121070.
Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, et al. Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13(6):340341. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1985.tb00468.x.
Bernzweig E, Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, et al. Nicotine and smokeless tobacco effects on gingival and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25(3):246–252. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02435.x.
Madan R, Brandwein-Gensler M, Schlecht NF, et al. Differential tissue and subcellular expression of ERM proteins in normal and malignant tissues: Cytoplasmic ezrin expression has prognostic significance for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2006;28(11):1018–1027. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20435.
Belbin TJ, Singh B, Smith RV, et al. Molecular profiling of tumor progression in head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 131(1):10–18. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.131.1.10.
Augustine D, Sekar B, Murali S, et al. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity. South Asian journal of cancer 2015;4(2):78–82. DOI: 10.4103/2278-330X.155686.
Riento K, Frick M, Schafer I, et al. Endocytosis of flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 is regulated by Fyn kinase. Journal of cell science 2009;122(Pt 7):912–918. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.039024.
Deng Y, Ge P, Tian T, et al. Prognostic value of flotillins (flotillin-1 and flotillin-2) in human cancers: A meta-analysis. Clinica Chimica Acta 2018;481:90–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.036.
Clucas J, Valderrama F. ERM proteins in cancer progression. J Cell Sci 2014;127(Pt 2):267–275. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133108.