Evaluation of Stain Removal Efficacy and Color Stability of Three Different Dentifrices on Artificially Stained Enamel Surface—An In Vitro Study
Dinesh Govinda Kamath, Maram Alagla, Shuhaib Abdul Rahman, Reshma Amin, Hina Ahmed, Gautam Singh, Dhirendra Kumar Singh, Apathsakayan Renugalakshmi
Keywords :
Color stability, Dentifrices, Stain, Toothbrushing
Citation Information :
Kamath DG, Alagla M, Rahman SA, Amin R, Ahmed H, Singh G, Singh DK, Renugalakshmi A. Evaluation of Stain Removal Efficacy and Color Stability of Three Different Dentifrices on Artificially Stained Enamel Surface—An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25 (1):68-71.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the stain removal ability and color stability of three distinct dentifrices on artificially stained enamel surface.
Materials and methods: This study included 75 intact, healthy premolars free of dental caries that were extracted during orthodontic therapy. The samples were allowed to dry for 6 hours after being submerged in the prepared tea solution for roughly 18 hours every day. Then this procedure was repeated for seven successive days. All samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 25 samples in each group. Group I: control dentifrice, group II: dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide, group III: dentifrice containing papain and bromelain. A specially designed toothbrushing simulator was used to brush every sample in the relevant group. Using a spectrophotometer and a measurement program, color measurement was evaluated after staining process after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of teeth cleaning. Using a profilometer, the surface roughness values (Ra) were assessed.
Results: After 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the color stability was better in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (1.14 ± 0.11) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (1.22 ± 0.08) and control group (1.30 ± 0.09). And after 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the surface roughness was more in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (0.237 ± 0.02) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (0.229 ± 0.13) and control group (0.207 ± 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study concluded that the dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide showed a superior whitening effect on the stained enamel surface than dentifrice containing papain and bromelain and control dentifrice.
Clinical significance: The development of various dentifrice products has been greatly aided by the increased demand for an improved esthetic appearance. Teeth's natural color and any external stains that could accumulate on the tooth surface combine to determine a tooth's color. Additionally, the use of whitening dental pastes to remove external stains has grown in favor. With the development of these whitening toothpastes, dentifrices’ ability to lessen or eliminate extrinsic dental stains has increased.
Hannig M, Joiner A. The structure, function and properties of the acquired pellicle. Monogr Oral Sci 2006;19:29–64. DOI: 10.1159/000090585.
Suriyasangpetch S, Sivavong P, Niyatiwatchanchai B, et al. Effect of whitening toothpaste on surface roughness and colour alteration of artificially extrinsic stained human enamel: In vitro study. Dent J (Basel) 2022;10(10):191. DOI: 10.3390/dj10100191.
Mehrgan S, Kermanshah H, Omrani LR, et al. Comparison the effect of charcoal-containing, hydrogen peroxide-containing, and abrasive whitening toothpastes on color stability of a resin composite; an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):594. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01956-8.
Joiner A. Review of the extrinsic stain removal and enamel/dentine abrasion by a calcium carbonate and perlite containing whitening toothpaste. Int Dent J 2006;56(4):175–180. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00091.x.
Hazar A, Hazar E. Effects of whitening dentifrices on the enamel color, surface roughness and morphology. Odovtos Int J Dental Sci 2023;25(2):20–29. DOI: 10.15517/ijds.2022.50981.
Kalyana P, Shashidhar A, Meghashyam B, et al. Stain removal efficacy of a novel dentifrice containing papain and bromelain extracts-in vitro study. Int J Dent Hyg 2011;9(3):229–233. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00473.x.
Maldupa I, Brinkmane A, Rendeniece I, et al. Evidence based toothpaste classification, according to certain characteristics of their chemical composition. Stomatologija 2012;14(1):12–22. PMID: 22617330.
Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRM, et al. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? J Appl Oral Sci 2019;27:e20180051. DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0051.
Horn DJ, Bulan-Brady J, Hicks L. Sphere spectrophotometer versus human evaluation of tooth shade. J Endod 1998;24(12):786–790. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80002-2.
Chu SJ. Use of a reflectance spectrophotometer in evaluating shade change resulting from tooth-whitening products. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15 Suppl 1:S42–S48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00317.x.
De Menezes M, Turssi CP, Hara AT, et al. Abrasion of eroded root dentine brushed with different toothpastes. Clin Oral Investig 2004;8(3):151–155. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-004-0262-7.
Alshara S, Lippert F, Eckert GJ, et al. Effectiveness and mode of action of whitening toothpastes on enamel extrinsic stains. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18(2):563–569. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0981-8.
Lippert F. An introduction to toothpaste-its purpose, history and ingredients. Monogr Oral Sci 2013;23:1–14. DOI: 10.1159/000350456.
Lyon TC, Parker WA, Barnes GP. Evaluation of effects of application of a citroxain-containing dentifrice. J Esthet Dent 1991;3(2):51–53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.1991.tb00809.x.
Emling RC, Levin S, Shi X, et al. Rembrandt toothpaste stain prevention with and without the use of Peridex. J Clin Dent 1992;3:59–65. PMID: 1524688.
Chakravarthy PK, Acharya S. Efficacy of extrinsic stain removal by novel dentifrice containing papain and bromelain extracts. J Young Pharmacists 2012;4(4):245–249. DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.104368.
