The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  25 (2024)
Volume  24 (2023)
Volume  23 (2022)
Volume  22 (2021)
Volume  21 (2020)
Volume  20 (2019)
Volume  19 (2018)
Volume  18 (2017)
Volume  17 (2016)
Volume  16 (2015)
Volume  15 (2014)
Volume  14 (2013)
Volume  13 (2012)
Volume  12 (2011)
Volume  11 (2010)
Volume  10 (2009)
Volume  9 (2008)
Volume  8 (2007)
Volume  7 (2006)
Volume  6 (2005)
Volume  5 (2004)
Volume  4 (2003)
Volume  3 (2002)
Volume  2 (2001)
Volume  1 (1999)
Related articles

VOLUME 17 , ISSUE 7 ( July, 2016 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Oral Leukoplakia: Clinicopathological Correlation and Its Relevance to Regional Tobacco-related Habit Index

Prashanth Shetty, Shweta Hegde, KS Vinod, Salona Kalra, Prasoon Goyal, Mimansha Patel

Citation Information : Shetty P, Hegde S, Vinod K, Kalra S, Goyal P, Patel M. Oral Leukoplakia: Clinicopathological Correlation and Its Relevance to Regional Tobacco-related Habit Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17 (7):601-608.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1897

Published Online: 01-12-2016

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2016; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction

A case control study was carried out to evaluate the synergistic effects of habits quantified by habit index and its effect and severity on the clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia in a cohort of 100 patients visiting Triveni Dental College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Materials and methods

One hundred patients indulging in tobacco-related habits (smoking and smokeless forms) were categorized into two groups: A case/experimental group consisting of 50 patients presenting with oral leukoplakia lesion and a control group consisting of 50 patients with no clinical signs of oral leukoplakia. Habit index was calculated in both groups. Case group was further subjected to incisional biopsy of the lesion followed by histopathological examination. All the variables in the study were statistically analyzed for the mean, standard deviation, i.e., value of central tendency, z-test, test of significance, and Pearson's correlation (r-test).

Results

For p < 0.05 bidi habit index was significantly higher in the case group. Higher bidi habit index was evident in the severe stages of lesion ice, p < 0.001 (highly significant). The degree of dysplasia was higher with advancing clinical stage of the lesion.

Conclusion

Higher bidi habit index in the case group contributed significantly for severe stages of lesion and thereby indicates its probable progression toward malignancy. Nonhomogenous leukoplakia of the speckled subtype exhibited moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia. Hence, quantification of tobacco-related habits and the clinical appearance of the premalignant lesion predict the risk of subsequent malignant transformation of the disease.

How to cite this article

Shetty P, Hegde S, Vinod KS, Kalra S, Goyal P, Patel M. Oral Leukoplakia: Clinicopathological Correlation and Its Relevance to Regional Tobacco-related Habit Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):601-608.

PDF Share
  1. The pathology of oral cancer and precancer. Curr Diagn Pathol 1996 Sep;3(3):165-176.
  2. Leukoplakia buccalis. CA Cancer J Clin 1954 Sep;4(5):164-166.
  3. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol 2009 Apr-Mar;45(4-5):317-323.
  4. Chewing and smoking habits in relation to precancer and oral cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1981;99(1-2):35-39.
  5. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India. Mumbai: IIPS; 2007. Vol. 2. p. 426-429.
  6. In: Prabhu SR, Wilson DF, Daftary DK, Johnson NW, editors. Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma. Oral diseases in the tropics. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 429-448.
  7. Carcinogenicity and metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines: current status and future prospects. IARC Sci Publ 1984;(57):763-778.
  8. Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines: chemistry, biochemistry, carcinogenicity, and relevance to human. J Toxicol Environ Health 1994 Jan;41(1):1-52.
  9. Oral leukoplakia: clinicopathological review. Oral Oncol 1997 Sep;33(5):291-301.
  10. Management of potentially malignant disorders: evidence and critique. J Oral Pathol Med 2008 Feb;37(2):63-69.
  11. Oral epithelial dysplasia: clinical characteristics of western European residents. Oral Oncol 2003 Sep;39(6):589-596.
  12. Oral leukoplakia: a proposal for uniform reporting. Oral Oncol 2002 Sep;38(6):521-526.
  13. World Health Organization classification of tumors: pathology and genetic of Head and neck tumors. World Health Organisation; IARC Press Lyon, France 2005.
  14. The role of alcohol in non-smokers and tobacco in non-drinkers in the aetiology of oral epithelial dysplasia. Int J Cancer 1998 Jul 29;77(3):333-336.
  15. Prevalence of oral leukoplakia and lichen planus in 1167 Iranian textile workers. Oral Dis 2003 Nov;9(6):302-304.
  16. The effect of betel quid and cigarette on multistate progression of oral premalignancy. J Oral Pathol Med 2008 Aug;37(7):417-422.
  17. Tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. J Dent Educ 2001 Apr;65(4):322-327.
  18. Clinical risk factors of oral leukoplakia in a representative sample of the US population. Oral Oncol 2004 Feb;40(2):158-163.
  19. A study of dose-response relationship between tobacco habits and oral leukoplakia. Br J Cancer 1984 Oct;50(4):527-531.
  20. Influence of cigarette filters on the risk of developing oral leukoplakia in a Kenyan population. Oral Dis 2001 Mar;7(2):101-105.
  21. Tobacco use and social status in Kerala. Indian J Med Res 2007 Oct;126:300-308.
  22. Tobacco-related oral mucosal lesions and conditions in India. A guide for dental students, dentists and physicians. Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; 1993.
  23. The changing cigarette: chemical studies and bioassays. In: Smoking and tobacco control monograph no. 13. Chapter 5; p. 159-192.
  24. New aspects of tobacco carcinogenesis. Carcinog Compr Surv 1985;8:239-256.
  25. Carcinogenicity of Indian Bidi and cigarette smoke condensate in Swiss albino mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1988;114(6):647-649.
  26. Estimation of nicotine content in popular Indian brands of smoking and chewing tobacco products. Indian J Dent Res 2008 Apr-Jun;19(2):88-91.
  27. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 83. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer; Lyon, France 2004.
  28. The permeability of oral leukoplakia. Eur J Oral Sci 2003 Aug;111(4):312-315.
  29. Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation – a follow-up study of 257 patients. Cancer 1984 Feb 1;53(3):563-568.
  30. A proposal for a classification and staging system for oral leukoplakia: a preliminary study. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 1995 Nov;31B:396-398.
  31. Occurrence of epithelial dysplasia in oral leukoplakia. Analysis and follow-up study of 12 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1976 Dec;42(6):766-774.
  32. Epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity and lips. Cancer 1988 Nov 15;62(10):2166-2170.
  33. Prognosis of oral pre-malignant lesions: significance of clinical, histopathological, and molecular biological characteristics. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003;14(1):47-62.
  34. Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med 2007 Nov;36(10):575-580.
  35. Interferon activation of latent natural killer cells and alteration in kinetics of target cell lysis: clinical implications for oral precancerous lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990 Oct;70(4):458-461.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.