Effect of Sandblasting Angle and Distance on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Zirconia-based Ceramics
Safoura Ghodsi, Somayeh Zeighami, Ali Gheidari, Hoseinali Mahgoli, Ahmad Rohanian
Citation Information :
Ghodsi S, Zeighami S, Gheidari A, Mahgoli H, Rohanian A. Effect of Sandblasting Angle and Distance on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Zirconia-based Ceramics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18 (6):443-447.
Surface treatment is necessarily required for bonding of zirconia to the veneering porcelain and luting cements. Sandblasting is the most common and probably the most efficient surface treatment method. Sandblasting roughens the surface and may affect the flexural strength of zirconia. Different sandblasting protocols may yield variable results. This study sought to assess the effect of sandblasting angle and distance on the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia-based ceramics.
Materials and methods
This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 50 zirconia discs measuring 1.2 ± 0.2 mm in thickness and 15 ± 0.2 mm in diameter, which were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) of one control and four experimental groups subjected to sandblasting with 110 µm aluminum oxide particles under 2 bar pressure for 10 seconds at 15 and 25 mm distances and 45 and 90° angles (between the nozzle head and zirconia surface). Surface roughness was measured by a roughness tester and samples were subjected to thermocycling followed by biaxial flexural strength testing according to ISO6872. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).
Results
No statistically significant difference was noted in the mean biaxial flexural strength of the five groups (p = 0.40). Different sandblasting protocols yielded significantly different surface roughness values (p < 0.001). The highest and the lowest mean surface roughness belonged to 15 mm/90° (0.51 µm) and control (0.001 µm) groups respectively.
Conclusion
Change in sandblasting angle and distance had no significant effect on the biaxial flexural strength of zirconiabased ceramic, but surface roughness was significantly different in the study groups.
Clinical significances
Regardless of sandblasting angle, increasing distance to 25 mm significantly decreases surface roughness that may negatively affect zirconia bond strength.
How to cite this article
Zeighami S, Gheidari A, Mahgoli H, Rohanian A, Ghodsi S. Effect of Sandblasting Angle and Distance on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Zirconia-based Ceramics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):443-447.
Zirconia in dentistry: part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent 2009 Summer;4(2):130-151.
Osteoblast cell adhesion on a laser modified zirconia based bioceramic. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005 Aug;16(8):719-726.
Hydroxylation of dental zirconia surfaces: characterization and bonding potential. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008 Nov;87(2):461-467.
Influence of surface treatment and simulated aging on bond strengths of luting agents to zirconia. Quintessence Int 2007 Oct;38(9):745-753.
A 3-year retrospective and clinical follow-up study of zirconia single crowns performed in a private practice. J Dent 2009 Sep;37(9):731-736.
Clinical outcomes of implant abutments in the anterior region: a systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013 Jun;25(3):159-176.
Randomized controlled clinical trial of customized zirconia and titanium implant abutments for canine and posterior single-tooth implant reconstructions: preliminary results at 1 year of function. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009 Mar;20(3):219-225.
The effect of multiple firings on microtensile bond strength of core-veneer zirconia-based all-ceramic restorations. J Prosthodont 2013 Jan;22(1):49-53.
A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. Part II: fixed dental prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007 Jun;18(Suppl 3):86-96.
Contemporary materials and technologies for all-ceramic fixed partial dentures: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2004 Dec;92(6):557-562.
Biomechanical and histomorphometric comparison between zirconia implants with varying surface textures and a titanium implant in the maxilla of miniature pigs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007 Oct;18(5):662-668.
Effect of zirconia surface treatments on the shear strength of zirconia/veneering ceramic composites. Dent Mater J 2008 May;27(3):448-454.
Surface modification for enhanced silanation of zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater 2009 Sep;25(9):1116-1121.
Effect of sandblasting and residual stress on strength of zirconia for restorative dentistry applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014 Jan;29:126-137.
The effect of surface grinding and sandblasting on flexural strength and reliability of Y-TZP zirconia ceramic. Dent Mater 1999 Nov;15(6):426-433.
Damage accumulation and fatigue life of particle-abraded ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2006 Sep-Oct;19(5):442-448.
Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: Where are we now? Dent Mater 2011 Jan;27(1):71-82.
Influence of surface treatments on surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of Y-TZP ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009 Nov;91(2):930-937.
Effect of sandblasting on the long-term performance of dental ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2004 Nov;71(2):381-386.
Reliability and properties of core materials for all-ceramic dental restorations. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2008 Jul;44(1):3-21.
Air-particle abrasion on zirconia ceramic using different protocols: effects on biaxial flexural strength after cyclic loading, phase transformation and surface topography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013 Oct;26:155-163.
Strength and reliability of surface treated Y-TZP dental ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res 2000 Feb;53(4):304-313.
The strength and hydrothermal stability of Y-TZP ceramics for dental applications. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 2007 Mar;4(2):164-174.
Strength influencing variables on CAD/CAM zirconia frameworks. Dent Mater 2008 May;24(5):633-638.
Fracture strength of two zirconia all-ceramic crown systems: influence of intaglio surface conditioning. Mansoura J Dent 2014;1(3):67-71.
Effects of airborne-particle abrasion protocol choice on the surface characteristics of monolithic zirconia materials and the shear bond strength of resin cement. Ceram Int 2016 Jan;42(1):1552-1562.
Phase transformation and subsurface damage in 3Y-TZP after sandblasting. Dent Mater 2013 May;29(5):566-572.
Does air particle abrasion affect the flexural strength and phase transformation of Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2016 Jun;32(6):827-845.
High quality mechanical etching of brittle materials by powder blasting. Sens Actuators A Phys 2000 Aug;85(1-3):296-303.
Effects of different lasers and particle abrasion on surface characteristics of zirconia ceramics. J Dent (Tehran) 2014 Mar;11(2):233-241.
Effect of air-particle abrasion protocols on the biaxial flexural strength, surface characteristics and phase transformation of zirconia after cyclic loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013 Apr;20:19-28.
Durability of the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic after using different surface conditioning methods. Dent Mater 2007 Feb;23(1):45-50.