Citation Information :
Meraji A, Asadian F, Hekmatfar S. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide on Microleakage of Composite Resin in Anterior Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25 (7):691-695.
Aim: One of the preventive interventions for early childhood caries is the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), which works uniquely in the prevention of caries. The suggested method to minimize the discoloration of SDF is the use of potassium iodide (KI). However, there are concerns about the bonding properties of dentin after the application of SDF-KI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how SDF-KI affects composite resin microleakage in primary teeth.
Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, class V cavities were created on the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted primary canines. The samples were divided into three groups: Group I: 38% SDF solution was applied to the cavity; Group II: SDF-KI solution was applied to the cavity; and group III: the cavities were irrigated with distilled water. All cavities were filled with composite resin and subjected to a thermocycling regime (500 cycles). The dye penetration of samples was evaluated following a 24-h immersion in 1% methylene blue. Microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins was evaluated using a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05).
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between microleakage scores at the occlusal margin (p = 0.128). At the cervical margin, the SDF-KI group had significantly more microleakage than the SDF and control groups (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Applying the SDF-KI significantly increased microleakage in the cervical margin but had no significant effect on the occlusal margin.
Clinical significance: Regarding the beneficial effects of SDF in preventing and arresting dental caries, application of it before composite resin is suggested in controlling caries without the negative effects on microleakage.
Chen KJ, Gao SS, Duangthip D, et al. Prevalence of early childhood caries among 5-year-old children: A systematic review. J Investig Clin Dent 2019;10(1):e12376. DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12376.
Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: A systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021;31:817–830. DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12783.
Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Face Med 2020;16:1–21. DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00237-z.
Zou J, Du Q, Ge L, et al. Expert consensus on early childhood caries management. Int J Oral Sci 2022;14(1):35. DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00186-0.
Corrêa-Faria P, Viana KA, Raggio DP, et al. Recommended procedures for the management of early childhood caries lesions—A scoping review by the Children Experiencing Dental Anxiety: Collaboration on Research and Education (CEDACORE). BMC Oral Health 2020;20:75. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01067-w.
Piva F, Pereira JT, Luz PB, et al. Caries progression as a risk factor for increase in the negative impact on OHRQOL–A longitudinal study. Clin Oral Investig 2018;22:819–828. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2157-4.
Li J-y, He S-y, Wang P-x, et al. Incidence and risk factors of unplanned retreatment following dental general anesthesia in children with severe early childhood caries. Front Pediatr 2023;11. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1163368.
Tsai C, Li A, Brown S, et al. Early childhood caries sequelae and relapse rates in an Australian public dental hospital. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023;33(1):1–11. DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12969.
Urquhart O, Tampi MP, Pilcher L, et al. Nonrestorative treatment for caries: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2019;98:14–26. DOI: 10.1177/0022034518800014.
Aksoy M, Sari MBD, Sozuoz MA, et al. Silver-modified atraumatic restorative treatment in managing early childhood caries. 1-year clinical results of “SMART” technique in primary teeth: A retrospective study. Research Square 2023. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3383423/v1.
Abdellatif EB, El Kashlan MK, El Tantawi M. Silver diamine fluoride with sodium fluoride varnish versus silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: A 6-months follow up of a randomized field trial. BMC Oral Health 2023;23(1):875. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023- 03597-5.
Burgess J, Vaghela P. Silver diamine fluoride: A successful anticarious solution with limits. Adv Dent Res 2018;29(1):131–134. DOI: 10.1177/0022034517740123.
Chan AKY, Tsang YC, Jiang CM, et al. Treating hypersensitivity in older adults with silver diamine fluoride: A randomised clinical trial. J Dent 2023;136:104616. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104616.
Jodalli PS, Nayak N, Aparna K, et al. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride for early childhood caries among children aged 24 to 72 months: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12(1):e46144. DOI: 10.2196/46144.
Mei ML, Ito L, Cao Y, et al. Inhibitory effect of silver diamine fluoride on dentine demineralisation and collagen degradation. J Dent 2013;41(9):809–817. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.009.
Haq J, Khurshid Z, Santamaría RM, et al. Silver diamine fluoride: A magic bullet for caries management. Fluoride 2021;54(3):210.
Dos Santos Jr VE, De Vasconcelos FM, Ribeiro AG, et al. Paradigm shift in the effective treatment of caries in schoolchildren at risk. Int Dent J 2012;62(1):47–51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00088.x.
Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, et al. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: A systematic review. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016;1(3):201–210. DOI: 10.1177/2380084416661474.
Luong M, Sadr A, Chan D. Dentin discoloration and pulpal ion concentrations following silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide treatment. Oper Dent 2022;47(6):640–647. DOI: 10.2341/20-287-L.
Hamama H, Yiu C, Burrow M. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on residual bacteria in dentinal tubules. Aust Dent J 2015;60(1):80–87. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12276.
Lutgen P, Chan D, Sadr A. Effects of silver diammine fluoride on bond strength of adhesives to sound dentin. Dent Mater J 2018;37(6):1003–1009. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-401.
Elmallah S, Abdou A, Rizk A, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride activation on bond strength to root dentin. BMC Oral Health 2023;23(1):733. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03457-2.
Zhao IS, Chu S, Yu OY, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on shear bond strength of glass ionomer cements to caries-affected dentine. Int Dent J 2019;69(5):341–347. DOI: 10.1111/idj.12478.
Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: Rationale, indications and consent. J Calif Dent Assoc 2016;44(1):17–28. PMID: 26897901.
Fung M, Duangthip D, Wong M, et al. Randomized clinical trial of 12% and 38% silver diamine fluoride treatment. J Dent Res 2018;97(2):171–178. DOI: 10.1177/0022034517728496.
Zhao IS, Mei ML, Burrow MF, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide treatment on secondary caries prevention and tooth discolouration in cervical glass ionomer cement restoration. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18(2):340. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020340.
Haiat A, Ngo HC, Samaranayake LP, et al. The effect of the combined use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide in disrupting the plaque biofilm microbiome and alleviating tooth discoloration: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252734. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252734.
İlhan U, Ulukent O, Cogulu D. The effect of silver diamıne fluoride on microleakage of resin composite. J Int Dent Med Res 2013;6(3): 105–108.
Soliman N, Bakry NS, Mohy ElDin MH, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride pretreatment on microleakage and shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement to primay dentin (in-vitro study). Alexandria Dent J 2021;46(3):151–156. DOI: 10.21608/adjalexu.2020.35954.1085.
Pérez-Hernández J, Aguilar-Díaz F, Venegas-Lancón R, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride on adhesion and microleakage of a pit and fissure sealant to tooth enamel: In vitro trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018;19:411–416. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018- 0374-4.
Kapdan A, Kuştarcı A, Kapdan A, et al. KTP laser on microleakage of compomer restorations in Class V restorations. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;38(1):13–17. PMID: 24579276.
Gupta J, Thomas MS, Radhakrishna M, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cavity cleansers on the bond strength and microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer cement. J Conserv Dent 2019;22(2):201. DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_485_18.
Uzel I, Ulukent O, Cogulu D. The effect of silver diamine fluoride on microleakage of resin composite. J Int Dent Medical Res 2013;6(3): 105–108.
Osama S, Badran AS, Awad BG. Effect of silver diamine fluoride on the microleakage of flowable resin composite and glass ionomer cement restorations to carious primary dentin: An-in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024;24(1):91. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03861-2.
Lee KE, Erdenebulgan M, Kang C-M, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide solution on enamel remineralization and discoloration in artificial caries. Materials 2022;15(13):4523. DOI: 10.3390/ma15134523.
Staxrud F, Becher R, Syverud M, et al. Silver release from dentine treated with combinations of silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide and etching. Biomater Investig Dent 2023;10(1):2191634. DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2191634.
Farahat F, Davari A, Karami H. Investigation of the effect of simultaneous use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on the shear bond strength of total etch and universal adhesive systems to dentin. Dent Res J 2022;19:6. DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327. 336691.
Koizumi H, Hamama HH, Burrow MF. Effect of a silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide-based desensitizing and cavity cleaning agent on bond strength to dentine. Int J Adhes Adhes 2016;68:54–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.02.008.
Inoue S, Van Meerbeek B, Abe Y, et al. Effect of remaining dentin thickness and the use of conditioner on micro-tensile bond strength of a glass-ionomer adhesive. Dent Mater 2001;17(5):445–455. DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(01)00003-3.
Deshpande A, Sudani U, Bargale S, et al. Six months clinical performance of self etch-self adhesive flowable composite and conventional pit-and-fissure sealants in 7 to 10 year old children. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res 2016;4(1):38.
Da Rosa WLDO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Bond strength of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2015;43(7):765–776. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.003.
Van Duker M, Hayashi J, Chan DC, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on bonding to demineralized dentin. Am J Dent 2019;32(3):143–146. PMID: 31295396.
Quock R, Barros J, Yang S, et al. Effect of silver diamine fluoride on microtensile bond strength to dentin. Operat Dent 2012;37(6):610–616. DOI: 10.2341/11-344-L.
Sa'ada MMA, Khattab NMA, Amer MI. Effect of silver diamine fluoride pretreatment on shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement to primary dentin. Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci 2021;9(D):243–247. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7093.
Wang AS, Botelho MG, Tsoi JK, et al. Effects of silver diammine fluoride on microtensile bond strength of GIC to dentine. Int J Adhes 2016;70:196–203. DOI:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.06.011.
Toopchi S, Bakhurji E, Loo CY, et al. Effect of light curing on silver diamine fluoride in primary incisors: A microscopic ex vivo study. Pediatr Dent 2021;43(1):44–49. PMID: 33662250.