The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Related articles

VOLUME 2 , ISSUE 2 ( Spring Issue, 2001 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Counseling and Treating Bad Breath Patients: A Step-By-Step Approach

Bashar Bakdash, Patricia A. Lenton, Georgia Majerus

Citation Information : Bakdash B, Lenton PA, Majerus G. Counseling and Treating Bad Breath Patients: A Step-By-Step Approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 2 (2):8-21.

DOI: 10.5005/jcdp-2-2-8

License: CC BY-NC 3.0

Published Online: 01-02-2005

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2001; The Author(s).


Abstract

Bad breath (oral malodor, halitosis) can be detrimental to one's self-image and confidence causing social, emotional, and psychological anxiety. With the majority of breath problems having an oral origin, the dental office is the most logical place for patients to seek treatment. When patients look to dental professionals for expert advice, it is critical they have the knowledge base and communication techniques to provide quality clinical assessment and implement effective intervention programs. Moreover, dental professionals should feel comfortable proactively counseling patients about oralmalodor without fear of offending the patient. Numerous continuing education programs and journalarticles related to the diagnosis and treatment of oral malodor are available. In addition, electronic sources are accessible for dental professionals to expand their knowledge base regarding oral malodor information. Fewer resources are available, however, regarding techniques to facilitate an effective dialogue with patients on this sensitive issue. This article seeks to provide such information and to helpprofessionals tailor the target communication message to meet the specific needs of individual patients.


PDF Share
  1. Detecting and treating oral and nonoral malodors. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1997 Feb;25(2):133-44. Review.
  2. Breath odor: etiopathogenesis, assessment and management. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997 Aug;105(4):287-93. Review.
  3. Halitosis: knowing when ‘bad breath’ signals systemic disease. Geriatrics. 1993 Aug;48(8):55-9. Review.
  4. Oral and nonoral sources of halitosis. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1997 Feb;25(2):127-31. Review.
  5. Oral malodour: an indicator of health status and oral cleanliness. Int Dent J. 1978 Sep;28(3):309-19. No abstract available.
  6. Relationship between volatile sulfur compounds, BANAhydrolyzing bacteria and gingival health in patients with and without complaints of oral malodor. J Clin Dent. 1994;4(4):114-9.
  7. Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters. J Dent Res. 1994 May;73(5):1036-42.
  8. Production of volatile sulphur compounds from cysteine, cystine and methionine by human dental plague. Arch Oral Biol. 1971 Jun;16(6):599-607. No abstract available.
  9. Oral malodor. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1990;1(4):247-59. Review. No abstract available.
  10. Periodontal disease and precursors of oral malodorous components. J of Dental Health, 1989;39:733-741.
  11. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol. 1977 Jan;48(1):13-20.
  12. (1995) The biological basis of oral malodor formation, In: Bad Breath Research Perspectives, Rosenberg, M. ed., Ramont Publishing, Tel Aviv University, pp13-39.
  13. Direct gas chromatographic analysis of sulphur compounds in mouth air in man. Arch Oral Biol. 1971 Jun;16(6):587-97. No abstract available.
  14. Evaluation of volatile odoriferous components of saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1964;9:39-45.
  15. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. J Periodontol. 1995 Aug;66(8):679-84.
  16. Assessing the contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995 Oct;126(10):1384-93.
  17. Oral odors in early experimental gingivitis. J Periodontal Res. 1984 May;19(3):303-12. No abstract available.
  18. Diagnosing and treating halitosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993 Jul;124(7):55-64. Review.
  19. Biochemical and clinical factors influencing oral malodor in periodontal patients. J Periodontol. 1992 Sep;63(9):783-9. Review.
  20. Halitosis: a review. Dent Update. 1993 Mar;20(2):57-9, 61. Review.
  21. Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations. J Periodontol. 1994 Jan;65(1):37-46.
  22. Oral Malodour in the General Population of Japan. In: Bad Breath Research Perspectives, M. Rosenberg (ed). Tel Aviv Ramont Publishing, 1995:120-136.
  23. (1996) Oral malodor in the Elderly. In: van Steenberghe D, Rosenberg M (eds): Bad Breath; a Multidisciplinary Approach. University of Leuven Press; 181-194.
  24. The Behavioral Treatment Of Sexual Problems. Hagerstown, S. Md: Medical Dept., Harper & Row, 1976.'
  25. Reduction of malodor by oral cleansing procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976 Aug;42(2):172-81.
  26. Halitosis. A common oral problem. N Y State Dent J. 1996 Dec;62(10):36-42. Review.
  27. Examination, classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000 May;66(5):257-61. Review.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.